Warderとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• 韻: -ɔː(ɹ)də(ɹ)
• Homophone: water (most non-rhotic accents with flapping)

語源 1

From 中期英語 warder, wardere, perhaps in part continuing 古期英語 weardere (“one who holds a country; inhabitant”), from Proto-West Germanic *wardārī (“guard, follower, watchman, lookout”), equivalent to ward +‎ -er. Cognate with Dutch waarder (“inspector”), German Low German Wärder (“guard, watchman”), German Wärter (“guard, keeper, attendant”).

名詞

warder (plural warders)

1. A guard, especially in a prison.
   • 1594, Christopher Marlow[e], The Troublesome Raigne and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England: […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press] for Henry Bell, […], published 1622, →OCLC, [Act IV]:

     Kent. Mortimer, ’tis I.
     But hath thy portion wrought so happily?
     Younger Mortimer. It hath, my lord: the warders all asleep,
     I thank them, gave me leave to pass in peace.

   • 1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “Canto First. The Castle.”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC, stanza II, page 24:

     Above the gloomy portal arch, / Timing his footsteps to a march, / The warder kept his guard, / Low humming, as he paced along, / Some ancient Border gathering song.

   • 1885, Richard Francis Burton (translator), The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, Volume 5, 368 Night, p. 26,

     So the guards carried him to the jail, thinking to lay him by the heels there for the night; but, when the warders saw his beauty and loveliness, they could not find it in their hearts to imprison him: they made him sit with them without the walls; and, when food came to them, he ate with them what sufficed him.

   • 1958, Chinua Achebe, chapter 24, in Things Fall Apart, New York: Astor-Honor, published 1959:

     Nobody else spoke, but they noticed the long stripes on Okonkwo’s back where the warder’s whip had cut into his flesh.

2. One who or that which wards or repels.
   • 1876, The China Review, Or, Notes and Queries on the Far East, page 79:

     The conspicuous position thus accorded to the cat as a warder-off of evil fortune seems oddly paralleled, though not imitated, by the place accorded to the same animal in popular European folklore.

語源 2

From 中期英語 warder, wardere, also as 中期英語 warderer, warderere, probably a derivative of Etymology 1 above.

名詞

warder (plural warders)

1. (archaic) A truncheon or staff carried by a king or commander, used to signal commands.
   • 1595, Samuel Daniel, Civil Wars, in The Poetical Works of Mr. Samuel Daniel, Volume II, London: R. Gosling, 1718, Book I, stanza 62, p. 25,

     When, lo! the king chang’d suddenly his Mind,

     Casts down his Warder to arrest them there;

   • 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene 3]:

     Stay, the king hath thrown his warder down.

   • 1764 December 24 (indicated as 1765), Onuphrio Muralto, translated by William Marshal [pseudonyms; Horace Walpole], chapter III, in The Castle of Otranto, […], London: […] Tho[mas] Lownds […], →OCLC, page 91:

     If thou doſt not inſtantly comply with theſe juſt demands, he defies thee to ſingle combat to the laſt extremity. And ſo ſaying, the Herald caſt down his warder.

アナグラム

• drawer, redraw, reward, warred