Umbrellaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• brelly, brellie, brolly (chiefly UK, diminutive)
• humbrella (archaic)
• ombrella, umbrello (obsolete)
• umbreller

語源

Borrowed from Italian ombrella, umbrella (“parasol, sunshade”), diminutive of ombra (“shade”) (or from a Late Latin or Medieval Latin umbrella), from Latin umbra (“shadow”).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ʌmˈbɹɛl.ə/
• (Southern 米国発音) IPA: /ˈʌm.bɹɛl.ə/
• (Indic) IPA: /əmbrəˈlɑ/, /əmˈbrɛl(ː)ɑ/
• ハイフネーション: um‧brel‧la
• 韻: -ɛlə

名詞

umbrella (plural umbrellas)

1. A cloth-covered frame used for protection against rain or sun.

   Meronyms: runner, rib, canopy, stretcher

   Quick, grab that umbrella before you get rained on!

   • 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter II, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0091:

     There was a neat hat-and-umbrella stand, and the stranger's weary feet fell soft on a good, serviceable dark-red drugget, which matched in colour the flock-paper on the walls.

   • 2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 197:

     When the [lost property] office first opened, the most frequently lost items were umbrellas. Every white-collar professional carried one, but despite, or because of, that they were easily forgotten about. […] In the 1930s, a quarter of a million umbrellas a year came into the office. Now it's more like 10,000.

2. (figurative) Anything that provides similar protection.

   The fighters provide a defensive air umbrella over the battle group.

3. (figurative) Anything that provides similar overarching coverage of a range of concepts, purposes, groups, etc.

   The test facility was established under the umbrella of the company's quality program.

4. (ice hockey) A strategy in which five players in the offensive zone form an umbrella-shaped formation around the opposition's goal net.
5. The main body of a jellyfish, excluding the tentacles.

   Jellyfish are composed of more than 90% water and most of their umbrella mass is made up of gelatinous material.

6. (photography, television) An umbrella-shaped reflector with a white or silvery inner surface, used to diffuse a nearby light.
   • 2014, Michael Allen, Modern Wedding Photography, page 97:

     Using umbrellas for shooting a wedding party is ok, but not necessary.

同意語

• (cloth-covered frame used as protection from the elements): chatta (India); chatra (royal & religious symbol in South & East Asia); rainshade, parapluie (uncommon); gamp (dated, colloquial); bumbershoot, umbershoot (obsolete US slang); rain napper (obsolete UK slang)

下位語

• (cloth-covered frame used as protection from the elements): parasol (sun protection)

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

• → Igbo: mbalarị
• → Welsh: ymbarél
• → Yoruba: ọ̀bùrẹ́là
• → Tok Pisin: ambrela

参考

Further reading

• “umbrella”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “umbrella”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

動詞

umbrella (third-person singular simple present umbrellas, present participle umbrellaing, simple past and past participle umbrellaed)

1. (transitive) To cover or protect, as if by an umbrella.
   • 1944, Emily Carr, “Life Loves Living”, in The House of All Sorts‎:

     Experts with saws and ladders came and lopped off the lower branches. This sent the tree's growth rushing violently to her head in a lush overhanging which umbrellaed the House of All Sorts.

   • 2008, Jonathan Kellerman, Bad Love: Alex Delaware 8:

     Huge pine and eucalyptus umbrellaed the grounds, airconditioning the morning.

2. (intransitive) To form the dome shape of an open umbrella.
   • 2011, B. A. Rothwell, The Peaceful Queen, page 31:

     Bright yellow gowns fit them tightly and umbrellaed from their waist to just below the knees.

3. (intransitive) To move like a jellyfish.
   • 1997, National Geographic Traveler, page 36:

     The light catches the filigreed tendrils and graceful motion of the jellies, their orange bodies umbrella-ing along like fairy parasols come to life.

アナグラム

• umbellar