Timonismとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Timon +‎ -ism, from the 5th-century BC person Timon of Athens (as described by Plutarch, Lucian, Aristophanes), possibly by way of William Shakespeare's play Timon of Athens (c. 1607). Used in the Westminster Review (maybe after the earlier "Timonist") in an 1840 review. (Coining erroneously attributed to Herman Melville, who popularized it later in 1852.)

発音

• (General American, Received 発音) enPR: tīʹmənĭzəm, IPA^(key): /ˈtaɪmənɪzəm/

名詞

Timonism (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 Timonisms)

1. A form of bitter misanthropy, a despair leading to hatred or contemptuous rejection of mankind, like Timon of Athens.

   This most cruel betrayal led him to Timonism.

2. A bitter or cynical utterance or behavior, in the manner of Timon of Athens.

   Pay no attention to his Timonisms, it's a pose.

引用

• Form of bitter misanthropy
  • 1840, in The Westminster Review, September:^[1]

    His "Timonism" scarcely shows itself, except against the priesthood, for which he has very little respect.

  • 1852, Herman Melville, Pierre:^[2]

    Then how could it be otherwise, than that an incipient Timonism should slide into Pierre, when he considered all the disgraceful inferences to be derived from such a fact.

  • 1906, Prof. Walter Raleigh, letter pub. in 1926:^[3]

    Men are stuffy little fellows. Their manliness bores me—it is almost universal, and humanity is very rare. [...] the poor things keep on struggling in a web of phantoms. They play with dolls all their lives. It's no good talking to them about wisdom and beauty. They have a complete system. There's even a doll Hell. This is not Timonism, I am an optimist. They are saved, most of them by their guts. A doll has no guts.

  • 1988, Paul Ollswang, "Cynicism":^[4]

    Cynicism is often contrasted with "Timonism" (cf. Shakespeare's Timon of Athens). Cynics saw what people could be & were angered by what they had become; Timonists felt humans were hopelessly stupid & uncaring by nature & so saw no hope for change.

• Bitter behavior or cynical utterrance
  • 1891, Fergus Hume, When I Lived in Bohemia:^[5]

    Thus he ran on carelessly in this cynical vein; but I, after a time, paid no attention to his Timonisms, being taken up with the spectacle of a crowd in the street surrounding a carriage.

• For more examples of usage of this term, see Citations:Timonism.

同意語

• misanthropy

派生語

• Timonist

関連する語

• Timonean, Timonian
• Timonize

参考

• Simonism

参照

• OED, "Timon [feat. Timonian, Timonism, Timonist, Timonize]" in the Oxford English Dictionary (reproduced in a post)
• TFD, "Timonism" in The Free Dictionary
• Notes: