TIDとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *tīdi, from Proto-Germanic *tīdiz, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂itis, from *deh₂y- + *-tis.

発音

• IPA: /tiːd/

名詞

tīd f (nominative plural tīda or tīde)

1. time in general
2. time as a defined period or span, particularly:
   1. a tide, a fourth of the day or night
   2. an hour, a twelfth of the day or night

      Wæs hit þā ān tīd tō ǣfenes. ― It was then one hour before evening. (Alexander's Letter to Aristotle)

      • Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church

        Witodlīċe ūres andġites meriġen is ūre ċildhād, ūre cnihthād swylċe underntīd, on þām astihð ūre ġeogoð, swā swā sēo sunne deð ymbe þǣre ðriddan tīde; ūre fulfremeda wæstm swā swā middæġ, forðan ðe on midne dæġ bið sēo sunne on ðām ufemestum ryne stiġende, swā swā sē fulfremeda wæstm bið on fulre strencðe þēonde. Sēo nōntīd bīð ūre yld, forðan ðe on nōntīde asihð sēo sunne, and ðǣs ealdiġendan mannes mæġen bīð waniġende. Sēo endlyfte tīd bīð sēo forwerode ealdnyss, þām dēaðe ġenēalǣċende, swā swā sēo sunne setlunge ġenēalǣhð on þǣs dæġes ġeendunge.

        Truly, the morning of our cognizance is our childhood, our youth is like the underntide, when our youth rises, just as the sun does around the third hour; our complete growth is like midday, since in the middle of the day the sun rises to the highest point in its course, just as our complete growth is flourishing in full strength. The noontide is our age, for at noontide the sun starts to go down, as the aging man's strength is waning. The eleventh hour is worn-out old age, approaching death, like the sun approaches its setting at the end of the day.

   3. a season, a fourth of the year
      • c. 994, Ælfric, On the Seasons of the Year

        Rōmanisc̄e lēodan ongynnað heora ġēar æfter hǣðenum ġewunan on winterlīċere tīde. Ebrei healdað heora geares annginn on lenctenlīcre emnihte. Đā Grēcisċan onginnað hyra ġēar æt ðām sunnstede; ⁊ ða Egiptisċan on hærfest.

        The Roman people begin theirs, after the heathen custom, in the winter time. The Hebrews observe the beginning of their year on the vernal equinox. The Greeks begin their year at the solstice; and the Egyptians in the fall.

   4. (especially in the plural) an age, an era
3. the hour, the moment determined by a sundial or other device marking the division between the tides or hours

   nōntīd ― nones

4. (Christianity) the religious service held at a canonical hour, four of which were equivalent to the daylight tides
5. the season, the favorable or proper period for an action, especially with regard to farming or (Christianity) the holy seasons of the liturgical year
   • Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church

     Nū is ūs ālȳfed, þurh lārēowa ealdordōm, þæt wē dæġhwomlice, on þyssere lenctenlīċan tīde, ūre līchaman ġerēordiġan mid forhæfednysse, and sȳfernysse, and clǣnnysse. Stuntlīċe fæst sē lenctenlīċ fæsten seðe on ðisum clǣnum tīman hine sylfne mid gālnysse befȳld. Unrihtlīċ bið þæt sē crīstena mann flǣsċlīċe lustas ġefremme on ðām tīman þe hē flæsċmettas forgān sċeal.

     Now it is permitted to us, through the authority of teachers, that we feed our bodies with restraint, moderation, and modesty every day of this Lenten season. He who performs the Lenten fast while defiling himself with lust does so foolishly. It is unlawful for a Christian to indulge in carnal lusts during the time he should forgo meats.

   Eāstertīd ― Eastertime

6. the time, the hour, the favorable, proper, or allotted moment for an action or event, the occasion when something can or ought to be done

   bedtīd ― bedtime

7. a commemoration; an anniversary; a festival, especially a saint's day
8. (grammar) tense, the time indicated by the form of a verb

使用する際の注意点

Frequently suffixed to a period of day or season (ǣfentīd, wintertīd) to show consideration of it as a span of time, as modern English -time (evening time, wintertime) or archaic English -tide (eventide, wintertide).

Although tīd was used for natural cycles of time, it was apparently not used for the cycles of the ocean and other large bodies of water until Middle English (c. 1340). The Old English terms for the tide were instead flōd and ebba.

語形変化

Strong i-stem:

同意語

• tīma
• (3-hour period): stund
• (religious service): tīdsang, tīdþegnung, tīdweorþung

派生語

派生した語

• Middle English: tyde, tid, tide, tyd
  • English: tide
  • Scots: tide
  • ⇒ Yola: enteete
  • → Scottish Gaelic: tìde

参考

参照

• Joseph Bosworth; T. Northcote Toller (1898), “tīd”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• "tide, n.", and tid, n.¹, in the Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford: Oxford University Press.