Surplusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (General American) IPA: /ˈsɝˌplʌs/, /ˈsɝpləs/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈsɜːpləs/
• ハイフネーション: sur‧plus
• Homophone: surplice (one pronunciation)

名詞

surplus (countable and uncountable, plural surpluses or surplusses)

1. That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus; overage.

   Synonyms: overquantity, oversum, superabundance; see also Thesaurus:excess

   Antonyms: deficit, lack, shortage

2. Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government.
3. (law) The remainder of a fund appropriated for a particular purpose.
4. (law) assets left after liabilities and debts, including capital stock have been deducted.

形容詞

surplus (not comparable)

1. Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient.

   Synonyms: excess, offcut

   surplus population

   surplus words

   The latest shipment of goods is surplus to our needs.

   • 1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, [Paris]: Olympia Press, →OCLC:

     But to return to where we left her, I see her still, propped up in a kind of stupor against one of the walls in which this wretched edifice abounds, her long grey greasy hair framing in its cowl of scrofulous mats a face where pallor, languor, hunger, acne, recent dirt, immemorial chagrin and surplus hair seemed to dispute the mastery.

   • 2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist‎, volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):

     An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine.

動詞

surplus (third-person singular simple present surpluses or surplusses, present participle surplussing or surplusing, simple past and past participle surplussed or surplused)

1. (transitive) To treat as surplus to requirements; to sell off or dismiss from employment, etc.
   • 1952, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations, Moroccan air base construction. 2 v, page 618:

     This employee was engaged to direct asphalt plants and inasmuch as the work for which he had been employed was completed, he was surplused and his return travel was approved […]

派生語

アナグラム

• upslurs