Sureとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 sure, seur, sur, from Middle French sur or Old French seür, from Latin sēcūrus (“secure”, literally “carefree”), from sē- (“apart”) + cūra (“care”) (compare 古期英語 orsorg (“carefree”), from or- (“without”) + sorg (“care”)). See cure. Doublet of secure and the now obsolete or dialectal sicker (“certain, safe”).

Displaced native 中期英語 wis, iwis (“certain, sure”) (from 古期英語 ġewis, ġewiss (“certain, sure”)), as well as 中期英語 siker (“sure, secure”) (from 古期英語 sicor (“secure, sure”)) with which it was cognate.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. When and how did the letter"s" come to be pronounced as "sh"? The OED entry points to a source that may have information on this: E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §185 (iii.) and $388. Perhaps early irregular yod-coalescence?

発音

• (Received Pronunciation)
  • (pour–poor merger) IPA: /ʃɔː(ɹ)/
  • (without the pour–poor merger) IPA: /ʃʊə(ɹ)/
• (Standard Southern British) IPA: /ʃoː/, (cure–fir merger) /ʃɜː/
• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /ʃoː/
• (General American) IPA: /ʃʊɹ/, (cure–fir merger) /ʃɝ/, (pour–poor merger) /ʃoɹ/
• (Canada) IPA: /ʃɔɹ/, (cure–fir merger) /ʃɝ/
• (New York City) IPA: /ʃuɚ/
• (non-rhotic, show–sure merger, African-American Vernacular) IPA: /ʃoʊ/
• (Scotland, Northern Ireland) IPA: /ʃʉːɹ/
• (Ireland) IPA: /ˈʃuːɹ/
• (obsolete) IPA: /sjʊəɹ/, /sjuːɹ/, /sɪʊ̯ɹ/
• 異形同音異義語: shore (pour–poor merger); shaw, Shaw (both paw–poor merger); show (show–sure merger)
• 韻: -ʊə(ɹ), -ɔː(ɹ)

形容詞

sure (comparative surer, superlative surest)

1. Physically secure and certain, non-failing, reliable.

   This investment is a sure thing.

   The bailiff had a sure grip on the prisoner's arm.

   • 1932, Aldous Huxley, Brave New World‎, London: Chatto & Windus:

     'In the end,' said Mustapha Mond, 'the Controllers realized that force was no good. The slower but infinitely surer methods of ectogenesis, Neo-Pavlovian conditioning and hypnopædia…'

2. Certain in one's knowledge or belief.
   • 1827, Thomas De Quincey, On Murder Considered as one of the Fine Arts:

     The very excess of the extravagance, in fact, by suggesting to the reader continually the mere aeriality of the entire speculation, furnishes the surest means of disenchanting him from the horror which might else gather upon his feelings.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 58:

     The Celebrity, by arts unknown, induced Mrs. Judge Short and two other ladies to call at Mohair on a certain afternoon when Mr. Cooke was trying a trotter on the track. The three returned wondering and charmed with Mrs. Cooke; they were sure she had had no hand in the furnishing of that atrocious house.

   • 2008 November 21, Graham Linehan, The IT Crowd, Season 3, Episode 1:

     Roy: I'm 95% sure it was him.
     Jen: You... you said you were 99% sure.
     Roy: I'm 97% sure it was him.

   Are you sure to succeed, as polls say? —Well, I am at least certain of making it to the podium this time.

   He was sure of being a finalist.

   They aren't sure who will attend for sure.

   You seemed sure that the car was his. Yeah. I’m not sure what is the point of spending hours and hours discussing this.

3. (followed by a to infinitive) Certain to act or be a specified way.

   Be sure to lock the door when you leave.

4. (obsolete) Free from danger; safe; secure.
   • c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i], page 36, column 1:

     Feare not: the Forreſt is not three leagues off, / If we recouer that, we are ſure enough.

5. (obsolete) Betrothed; engaged to marry.
   • c. 1513-1518 (probably date written, published after 1535) Thomas More, History of King Richard III

     The king was sure to Dame Elizabeth Lucy, and her husband before God.

   • 1632, Richard Brome, The Northern Lass:

     I presum'd […] [that] you had been sure, as fast as faith could bind you, man and wife.

同意語

• (secure and steadfast): certain, failsafe, reliable, sicker
• (steadfast in one's knowledge or belief): certain, positive, wis

派生語

English terms starting with “sure”

派生した語

• → Kashubian: szur (United States)
• →⇒ Irish: siúráil
• → Welsh: siwr

副詞

sure (comparative more sure, superlative most sure)

1. (modal) Without doubt, certainly.

   Sure he's coming! Why wouldn't he?

   "Did you kill that bear yourself?" ―"I sure did!"

   It sure is cold out

   • 1802, Charles Lamb, John Woodvil:

     These high and gusty relishes of life, sure,
     Have no allayings of mortality in them.

2. (archaic) Without fail, surely.
   • c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iii:

     Theſe are the wings ſhall make it flie as ſwift,
     As dooth the lightening: or the breath of heauen,
     And kill as ſure as it ſwiftly flies.

使用する際の注意点

• Often proscribed in favor of surely. May be informal.

間投詞

sure

1. (in response to a request for help or a favour) Yes; of course.

   "Could you tell me where the washrooms are?" "Sure, they're in the corner over there."

2. (in response to other questions) Yes; I guess; you could say that; a weak or noncommittal positive response.

   "Do you like cats?" "Sure."

   "Do you want me to put this in the garage?" "Sure, go ahead."

3. You're welcome; polite response to being thanked.

   "Thanks for helping me with that electrical fault." "Sure. Any time."

1. (Ireland, for empahsis, sometimes repeated)

   "Sure, I'm grand, sure."

   • 1915, Charles L Graves, Humours of Irish life, pages 241-242:

     Was anyone hurted? Sure, they were just trailin' theirselves off the ground. Ye wud have died larfin'. There's Jimmy Hanlon was never his own man since, and I had me nose broke on me—I find it yet—and some says there was a wee girl from Tanderagee got herself killed.

同意語

• (noncommittal yes): OK (partial), yes
• (response to being thanked): of course

参照

• 1996, T.F. Hoad, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Etymology, Oxford University Press, →ISBN

アナグラム

• U.S.-er, US'er, rues, useR, U.S.er, user, Ruse, Ersu, Rues, U.S.'er, Reus, suer, ruse, ures, US-er, ERUs

発音

• IPA: /ˈsuː.re/

名詞

sūre f

1. (botany) sorrel

派生した語

• Middle English: soure, sure, shoure
  • Yola: zour

別の表記

• sur, seur, seure, sewre, sewr, sewere, suer, suere, soure, suir, sere, sore

発音

• IPA: /sɛu̯r/, /siu̯r/, /suːr/

形容詞

sure (comparative seurer)

1. safe, protected (not dangerous or harmful)
2. fortified, well-defended, protected; especially religiously
3. sure, certain, confirmed
4. sure-minded (certain of one's intent)
5. reliable, of good quality
6. sound, sturdy, hardy

派生語

• surely
• surement
• suren
• surenes
• surete

派生した語

• English: sure, sho, sho'
  • → Kashubian: szur (United States)
  • →⇒ Irish: siúráil
  • → Welsh: siwr
• Scots: shuir

参照

• “seur, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 21 April 2018.

副詞

sure

1. sure, surely, with no doubt or uncertainty
2. entirely, wholly, fully
3. While protecting something, with protection
4. With a tight grasp or grip

派生した語

• English: sure
• Scots: shuir

参照

• “seur, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 21 April 2018.

語源 2

動詞

sure

1. alternative form of suren

語源 3

名詞

sure

1. alternative form of sire