Summaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

名詞

summa (plural summas or summae)

1. A comprehensive summary of, or treatise on a subject, especially theology or philosophy.
2. (figuratively) A culmination or archetypal example.
   • 1987, Svetlana Alpers, “The Mapping Impulse in Dutch Art”, in David Woodward, editor, Art and Cartography: Six Historical Essays, page 57:

     In size, scope, and graphic ambition [the map] is a summa of the mapping art of the day, represented in paint by Vermeer.

   • 1993, Franca Falletti, The David and the Accademia Gallery, page 6:

     The painting is a “summa” of the various trends that intertwined and developed during those crucial years of the early sixteenth century in Florence.

   • 1999, Eric Nash, Manhattan Skyscrapers, page 93:

     Rockefeller Center is at once a summa of the Art Deco style, and a look ahead to the Internationalist style that dominated after World War II.

関連する語

• summa cum laude

アナグラム

• Mumas, maums, ummas

発音

• summa: (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈs̠ʊmːä]
• summa: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]
• summā: (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsum.maː/, [ˈs̠ʊmːäː]
• summā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]

名詞

summa f (genitive summae); first declension

1. top, summit, highest point or place
2. the principal or main thing
3. (also mathematics) sum, summary, total
4. (Medieval Latin) the quarter, an English unit of weight and volume equal to ¼ ton or tun or 8 bushels
   • c. 1300, Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris:

     Saccus lane debet ponderare viginti & octo petras & solebat ponderare unam summam frumenti

     A sack of wool ought to weigh twenty & eight stone & is accustomed to weigh one quarter of wheat.

語形変化

First-declension noun.

派生語

関連する語

• superus

派生した語

語源 2

発音

• summa: (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈs̠ʊmːä]
• summa: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]
• summā: (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsum.maː/, [ˈs̠ʊmːäː]
• summā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]

形容詞

summa

1. inflection of summus:
   1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

形容詞

summā

1. ablative feminine singular of summus

語源 3

From summum (“highest place”), from summus, superlative of superus (“upper, higher”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈs̠ʊmːä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]

名詞

summa

1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of summum

参照

• “summa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “summa”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "summa", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• summa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to live to a very great age: ad summam senectutem pervenire
    
  • to be reduced to (abject) poverty: ad egestatem, ad inopiam (summam omnium rerum) redigi
    
  • to attain to the highest eminence: ad summam auctoritatem pervenire
    
  • to become famous, distinguish oneself: gloriam colligere, in summam gloriam venire
    
  • to dwell only on the main points: res summas attingere
    
  • to be plunged into the depths of despair: ad (summam) desperationem pervenire, adduci (B. C. 2. 42)
    
  • to rouse a person's expectation, curiosity to the highest pitch: aliquem in summam exspectationem adducere (Tusc. 1. 17. 39)
    
  • to compute the total of anything: summam facere alicuius rei
    
  • to elevate to the highest dignity: aliquem ad summam dignitatem perducere (B. G. 7. 39)
    
  • to confer supreme power on a person: imperium, rerum summam deferre alicui
    
  • to be commander-in-chief: imperii summam tenere (Rep. 2. 28)
    
  • to be commander-in-chief: imperii summae praeesse
    
  • to appoint some one commander-in-chief: imperii summam deferre alicui or ad aliquem, tradere alicui
    
  • to sum up..: ut eorum, quae dixi, summam faciam
    
  • (ambiguous) the surface of the water: summa aqua
    
  • (ambiguous) in the height of summer, depth of winter: summa aestate, hieme
    
  • (ambiguous) to be entirely destitute; to be a beggar: in summa egestate or mendicitate esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to be bound by the closest ties of friendship: artissimo amicitiae vinculo or summa familiaritate cum aliquo coniunctum esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to be in a dignified position: dignitas est summa in aliquo
    
  • (ambiguous) to be in a dignified position: summa dignitate praeditum esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to praise, extol, commend a person: (maximis, summis) laudibus efferre aliquem or aliquid
    
  • (ambiguous) to have reached the highest pinnacle of eminence: summa gloria florere
    
  • (ambiguous) ideal perfection: absolutio et perfectio (not summa perfectio)
    
  • (ambiguous) the learned men are most unanimous in..: summa est virorum doctissimorum consensio (opp. dissensio)
    
  • (ambiguous) to honour the gods with all due ceremonial (very devoutly): deum rite (summa religione) colere
    
  • (ambiguous) to stand in very intimate relations to some one: summa necessitudine aliquem contingere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be in severe pecuniary straits: in summa difficultate nummaria versari (Verr. 2. 28. 69)
    
  • (ambiguous) the welfare of the state: summa res publica (or summa rei publicae)
    
  • (ambiguous) to proceed against some one with the utmost rigour of the law; to strain the law in one's favour: summo iure agere cum aliquo (cf. summum ius, summa iniuria)
    
  • (ambiguous) the command-in-chief: summa belli, imperii (B. G. 2. 4. 7)
    
  • (ambiguous) deep peace: summa pax