Splintとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 splint, splent, splente, from Middle Low German splinte, splente or Middle Dutch splint, splinte. Cognate with Old High German splinza (“bar, bolt, latch”). All ultimately from Proto-Germanic *splintǭ, *splintō (“piece of wood, splinter”), from Proto-Germanic *splint-, *splind- (“to split”), from a nasalized form of *splītaną (“to split”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pley- (“to split, splice”).

発音

• IPA: /splɪnt/
• 韻: -ɪnt

名詞

splint (plural splints)

1. A narrow strip of wood split or peeled from a larger piece.
   1. (Cheshire, West Midlands) A splinter caught in the skin.
2. (dentistry) A dental device applied consequent to undergoing orthodontia.
3. (medicine) A device to immobilize a body part.
   • 1899 September – 1900 July, Joseph Conrad, chapter V, in Lord Jim: A Tale, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, published 1900, →OCLC, pages 50–51:

     [...] I saw in the white men's ward that little chap tossing on his back, with his arm in splints, and quite light-headed.

4. (military, historical) A segment of armour consisting of a narrow overlapping plate.
   • 1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter II, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 25:

     The fore-part of his thighs, where the folds of his mantle permitted them to be seen, were also covered with linked mail; the knees and feet were defended by splints, or thin plates of steel, ingeniously jointed upon each other; and mail hose, reaching from the ancle to the knee, effectually protected the legs, and completed the rider's defensive armour.

5. (mining) Synonym of splent coal.
6. (zootomy) A bone found on either side of a horse's cannon bone; the second or fourth metacarpal (forelimb) or metatarsal (hindlimb) bone.
7. (zootomy, veterinary medicine) A disease affecting the splint bones, as a callosity or hard excrescence.

使用する際の注意点

• For a horse to pop a splint is for it to receive an injury to the splint bone or surrounding area.

派生語

動詞

splint (third-person singular simple present splints, present participle splinting, simple past and past participle splinted)

1. (transitive) To apply a splint to; to fasten with splints.
2. To support one's abdomen with hands or a pillow before attempting to cough.
3. (obsolete, rare, transitive) To split into thin, slender pieces; to splinter.

参照