Sergeantとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 sergeant, sergeaunt, serjent, serjaunt, serjawnt, sergant, from Old French sergeant, sergent, serjant, sergient, sergant (“sergeant, servant”), from Medieval Latin servientem, accusative of serviens (“a servant, vassal, soldier, apparitor”), from Latin serviēns (“serving”), present participle of serviō (“serve, be a slave to”). Doublet of servant and servient.

The shift from /vj/ > /dʒ/ was a regular development in Old French. Compare cavea > cage, salvia > sage.

The fish is so called because of its stripes, supposed to resemble a sergeant's insignia of rank.

The pronunciation with /ɑɹ/ is due to a widespread development of 中期英語 er + consonant (see barn, start etc.). In sergeant, the spelling was standardised in one way, the pronunciation in another (compare clerk, derby in Commonwealth English, further parson vs. person, and varsity vs. university).

発音

• Generally
  • (英国発音) IPA: /ˈsɑː.d͡ʒənt/
  • (米国発音) IPA: /ˈsɑɹ.d͡ʒənt/
  • 韻: -ɑː(ɹ)dʒənt
• Informally, sometimes
  • (General American) IPA: /ˈsɑɹ(ə)nt/
  • 韻: -ɑː(ɹ)nt

名詞

sergeant (plural sergeants)

1. (military) A UK army rank with NATO code OR-6, senior to corporal and junior to warrant officer ranks.

   Synonyms: sarge (clipping), sarnt (pronunciation spelling, informally only)

2. The highest rank of noncommissioned officer in some non-naval military forces and police.
   • 1928, Lawrence R. Bourne, chapter 13, in Well Tackled!‎:

     “Yes, there are two distinct sets of footprints, both wearing rubber shoes—one I think ordinary plimsolls, the other goloshes,” replied the sergeant.

3. (law, historical) A lawyer of the highest rank, equivalent to the doctor of civil law.
   • 1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:

     All other sergeants and barristers indiscriminately (except in the Court of Common Pleas, where only sergeants are admitted) may take upon them the protection and defense of any suitors.

4. (UK, historical) A title sometimes given to the servants of the sovereign.

   sergeant surgeon, i.e. a servant, or attendant, surgeon

5. A bailiff.
6. A servant in monastic offices.
7. A fish, the píntano (Abudefduf saxatilis), a species of damselfish.
8. Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Athyma; distinct from the false sergeants.

派生語

参考

アナグラム

• angerest, enragest, estrange, grantees, greatens, negaters, reagents, rentages, reägents, seargent, segreant, sternage