SHEARとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 sheren, scheren, from 古期英語 sċieran (“to shear; to shave”), from Proto-West Germanic *skeran, from Proto-Germanic *skeraną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).

Cognate with West Frisian skarre, Low German scheren, Dutch scheren, German scheren, Danish skære, Norwegian Bokmål skjære, Norwegian Nynorsk skjera, Swedish skära, Finnish keritä; and (from Indo-European) with Ancient Greek κείρω (keírō, “I cut off”), Latin caro (“flesh”), Albanian shqerr (“to tear, cut”), harr (“to cut, to mow”), Lithuanian ski̇̀rti (“separate”), Welsh ysgar (“separate”). See also sharp.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ʃɪə(ɹ)/
• (General American) IPA: /ʃɪɹ/
• (cheer–chair merger) IPA: /ʃɛə/
• 韻: -ɪə(ɹ), -ɛə(ɹ)
• Homophone: sheer

動詞

shear (third-person singular simple present shears, present participle shearing, simple past sheared or shore, past participle shorn or sheared)

1. (intransitive, transitive) To remove the fleece from (a sheep, llama, etc.) by clipping.

   Synonym: fleece

   Hypernym: cut off

   shear the llamas

2. To cut the hair of (a person).

   Coordinate term: shave

   shear the afro off someone's head

3. To cut, originally with a sword or other bladed weapon, now usually with shears, or as if using shears.
   • 1819, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe:

     So trenchant was the Templar’s weapon, that it shore asunder, as it had been a willow twig, the tough and plaited handle of the mace, which the ill-fated Saxon reared to parry the blow, and, descending on his head, levelled him with the earth.

   • 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 68”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:

     the golden tresses […] were shorn away

4. (physics) To deform because of forces pushing in opposite directions.
5. (aviation, meteorology, intransitive, of wind) To change in direction or speed.
   • 1985 March 21, National Transportation Safety Board, “2.3 Airplane Takeoff Performance”, in Aircraft Accident Report: United Airlines Flight 663, Boeing 727-222, N7647U, Denver, Colorado, May 31, 1984‎, page 41:

     The total along-the-runway wind component sheared from an 8-knot headwind to about a 56-knot tailwind over a 44-second period.

6. (mathematics) To transform by displacing every point in a direction parallel to some given line by a distance proportional to the point’s distance from the line.
7. (mining, intransitive) To make a vertical cut in coal.
8. (engineering) (also 'shear off') To break or suddenly separate because of excessive force, eg. a bolt.
9. (Scotland) To reap, as grain.
   • 1769, John Aldington, A Poem on the Cruelty of Shooting etc.:

     Soon as the bending Scythe,
     And Sickle keen, have shear'd the golden Grain,
     Array'd in all the Equipage of Death,
     Forth the stern Sportsman stalks

10. (figurative) To deprive of property; to fleece.

派生語

• shear off

名詞

shear (countable and uncountable, plural shears)

1. A cutting tool similar to scissors, but often larger.

   Synonym: shears

   • 1697, Virgil, “The Third Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     short of their wool, and naked from the shear

2. (metalworking) A large machine use for cutting sheet metal.
3. The act of shearing, or something removed by shearing.
   • 1837, William Youatt, Sheep: Their Breeds, Management, and Diseases:

     After the second shearing, he is a two-shear ram; […] at the expiration of another year, he is a three-shear ram; the name always taking its date from the time of shearing.

4. (physics) Forces that push in opposite directions.
5. (aviation, meteorology, uncountable) The phenomenon of wind shear.
   • 1985 March 21, National Transportation Safety Board, “2.3 Airplane Takeoff Performance”, in Aircraft Accident Report: United Airlines Flight 663, Boeing 727-222, N7647U, Denver, Colorado, May 31, 1984‎, page 41:

     The first effect of a wind shear was detected at 34 to 42 seconds into the takeoff, at a speed of about 115 KIAS with the airplane about 3,800 feet down the runway. An average shear rate of about 2.5 knots per second resulted in an interruption in acceleration at this point with the airspeed remaining at 115 to 120 KIAS for 7 to 10 seconds.

6. (aviation, meteorology, countable) A specific instance of wind shear.

   We hit a nasty shear on approach and had to go around.

7. (mathematics) A transformation that displaces every point in a direction parallel to some given line by a distance proportional to the point's distance from the line.
8. (geology) The response of a rock to deformation usually by compressive stress, resulting in particular textures.

派生語

形容詞

shear

1. Misspelling of sheer.

アナグラム

• Asher, Rahes, Share, asher, earsh, hares, harse, hears, heras, rheas, sehar, sehra, share