Red Guards (Russia)とは 意味・読み方・使い方

In the context of the history of Russia and Soviet Union, Red Guards (Russian: "Красная Гвардия") were paramilitary formations consisting of workers and partially of soldiers and sailors formed in the time frame of the Russian Revolution of 1917. Composing the majority of the urban population where Bolsheviks had the strongest support, they were the main strike force of the Bolsheviks in the revolution and the following civil war. Red Guard units were created in March 1917, under the control of Bolsheviks at industrial enterprises by Factory and Plant Committees and by Bolshevik party cells. A number of other militarized formations created during the February Revolution, such as "people's militia" (народная милиция), created by the Russian Provisional Government, "groups of self-defence" (отряды самообороны), "committees of public security" (комитеты общественной безопасности), "workers' squads" (рабочие дружины) were gradually unified into the Red Guards.