Quamとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [kʷãː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [kʷam]

接尾辞

-quam

1. Used to derive negative polarity adjectives, adverbs and pronouns.

   cum (“when”) → umquam (“ever”)

   quis (“who”) → quisquam (“anyone”)

派生語

• -quamne

語源 1

From Proto-Italic *kʷis, *kʷoi, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂m, accusative of *kʷeh₂, feminine of *kʷos, *kʷís. Compare its masculine form cum (as in tum-tam).

According to L. R. Palmer, "In such a sentence as hic tam beatus est, quam ille the sense of tam beatus could equally be rendered by non beatior. It was presumably by the substitution of equivalent expressions ('contamination'), possibly first in negative expressions, that the illogical quam 'as' came to be used after comparatives."

別の表記

• quamde, quande

副詞

quam

1. (before superlative adjectives and adverbs) in what (which) way, to what (which) degree; how, how much, as much as, as far as
   • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes I.11:

     carpe diem, quam minimum credula postero

     pluck the day, trusting the next [day] as little as possible

   quam potuit ― in what way/to what degree/how/how much/as much as/as far as he could

   quam primum ― as quickly as possible

   quam celerrime ― as quickly as possible

   quam maxime ― as far as possible

   quam minimum ― as little as possible

   quam serissime ― as late as possible

   quam saepissime ― much often

   Quam rogas! ― How much you ask!

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.8:

     Equitibus imperat, ut quam latissime possint vagentur et quam maximum hostibus terrorem inferant

     He orders the cavalry to extend themselves as far as they could, and strike as great a panic as possible into the enemy

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.9:

     ut in omnes partes equites quam latissime pervagentur

     that the cavalry should range as extensively as possible in all directions

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.9:

     quam maximis potest itineribus

     by as long journeys as he can

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.11:

     Ipse, ut quam primum iter faceret

     He himself, with the intention of marching as soon as possible

2. (in comparisons) as

   Tam similis est, quam potest.

   It is as similar as it can be.

3. (after comparative adjectives and adverbs) than

   alius quam ― different than

   ante quam (+ subjunctive or infinitive) ― sooner than

   aliter quam vis ― in a different way than you want

   Hic maior est, quam ille.

   This is bigger than that.

   • 68 BCE – 44 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 4.4A:

     offendēs dissignātiōnem Tyranniōnis mīrificam librōrum meōrum, quōrum reliquiae multō meliōrēs sunt quam putāram

     You will encounter Tyrannio's wonderful arrangement of my books, the remains of which are much better than I had thought.

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.9:

     Priusque omnes in unum locum cogit quam de eius adventu Arvernis nuntiari posset

     and gathers all legions into one place sooner than (before) the intelligence of his arrival could be announced to the Arverni

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.10:

     Praestare visum est tamen omnis difficultates perpeti quam tanta contumelia accepta

     However it seemed better to sustain any hardship than to accept such an insult

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Tobias 2:9:

     sed Tobias plus timens Deum quam regem rapiebat corpora occisorum et occultabat in domo sua et mediis noctibus sepeliebat ea

     But Tobias fearing God more than the king, carried off the bodies of them that were slain, and hid them in his house, and at midnight buried them.

4. (rare) rather than
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.35:

     Romae se quam in vetere patria vixisse

     he had lived in Rome rather than his city of birth

等位語

• tam

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

• Asturian: (obsolete) cuán (“so many”)
• French: que (“than, as”)
• Italian: ca (“than, that”)
• Neapolitan: ca (“than, that”)
• Old Galician-Portuguese: quan; ca
  • Galician: can (“how”); ca (“than”)
  • Portuguese: quão (“how, as”); ca (“than”) (northern)
• Romanian: ca (“than, as”)
• Romansch: ca (“than”)
• Sicilian: ca (“than, that”)
• Spanish: cuan (“how”)

語源 2

Inherited from Proto-Italic *kʷām, see quī (relative pronoun and interrogative adjective).

代名詞

quam

1. (relative) accusative singular feminine of quī

限定詞

quam

1. (interrogative) accusative singular feminine of quī

語源 3

Analogically reshaped from Proto-Italic *kʷim, see quis.

代名詞

quam

1. (interrogative) accusative singular feminine of quis

別の表記

• quem (Old Latin)

参照

• “quam”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “quam”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "quam", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “quam”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, pages 1,290–1,291.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) I cannot wait till..: nihil mihi longius est or videtur quam dum or quam ut
    
  • (ambiguous) nothing is more tiresome to me than..: nihil mihi longius est quam (c. Inf.)
    
  • (ambiguous) it is more than twenty years ago: amplius sunt (quam) viginti anni or viginti annis
    
  • (ambiguous) Plato's ideal republic: illa civitas, quam Plato finxit
    
  • (ambiguous) this is more plausible than true: haec speciosiora quam veriora sunt
    
  • (ambiguous) I have exhausted all my material: copiam quam potui persecutus sum
    
  • (ambiguous) there is nothing I am more interested in than..: nihil antiquius or prius habeo quam ut (nihil mihi antiquius or potius est, quam ut)
    
  • (ambiguous) by the longest possible forced marches: quam maximis itineribus (potest)
    
• Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
• quam in Ramminger, Johann (15 January 2026 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• “quam” on pages 1,537–1,538 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)