Profaneとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle French prophane, from Latin profānus (“not religious, unclean”), from pro- (“before”) + fānum (“temple”).

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /pɹəˈfeɪn/
• 韻: -eɪn

形容詞

profane (comparative profaner or more profane, superlative profanest or most profane)

1. Unclean; ritually impure; unholy, desecrating a holy place or thing.
   • 1614, Walter Ralegh [i.e., Walter Raleigh], The Historie of the World […], London: […] William Stansby for Walter Burre, […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=1 to 5):

     Nothing is profane that serveth to the use of holy things.

2. Not sacred or holy, unconsecrated; relating to non-religious matters, secular.

   profane authors

   • 1781, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume II, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC:

     A sonnet in praise of Rome was accepted as the effusion of genius and gratitude; and after the whole procession had visited the Vatican, the profane wreath was suspended before the shrine.

   • 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 102:

     The sacred is the emotional force which connects the part to the whole; the profane or the secular is that which has been broken off from, or has fallen off, its emotional bond to the universe.

3. Treating sacred things with contempt, disrespect, irreverence, or scorn; blasphemous, impious.
4. Irreverent in language; taking the name of God in vain.

   a profane person, word, oath, or tongue

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Timothy 1:9:

     the law is not laid down for the just but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and sinners, for the unholy and profane

   • 1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 102:

     When asked to explain why he became a landlord, he told the Archbishop of York it was so he could close the pub on Sundays, and suppress the profane language and singing that came through the bar windows.

同意語

• (obscene): vulgar, inappropriate, obscene, debased, uncouth, offensive, ignoble, mean, lewd, wicked
• (not sacred): secular, unsanctified, unhallowed, unholy, irreligious, temporal, worldly, ungodly, impious, godless
• (taking God's name in vain): irreverent

反意語

(antonym(s) of “not sacred or holy”): faithful, holy, orthodox, religious, sacred, sacrosanct, spiritual

名詞

profane (plural profanes)

1. A person or thing that is profane.
   • 1796, Matthew Lewis, The Monk, Folio Society, published 1985, page 244:

     The nuns were employed in religious duties established in honour of St Clare, and to which no profane was ever admitted.

2. (Freemasonry) A person not a Mason.

動詞

profane (third-person singular simple present profanes, present participle profaning, simple past and past participle profaned)

1. (transitive) To violate (something sacred); to treat with abuse, irreverence, obloquy, or contempt; to desecrate

   One should not profane the name of God.

   to profane the Scriptures

   • 1600, [Michael Drayton, Richard Hathwaye, Anthony Munday, Robert Wilson], The First Part of the True and Honorable Historie, of the Life of Sir John Old-castle, the Good Lord Cobham. […]‎, London: […] [V[alentine] S[immes]] for Thomas Pauier, […], →OCLC:

     VVhen the vulgar ſort / Sit on their Ale-bench, vvith their cups and kannes, / Matters of ſtate be not their common talke, / Nor pure religion by their lips prophande.

   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter XXXIV, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

     With one mind, their intent eyes all fastened upon the old man’s knife, as he carved the chief dish before him. I do not suppose that for the world they would have profaned that moment with the slightest observation, even upon so neutral a topic as the weather.

2. (transitive) To put to a wrong or unworthy use; to debase; to abuse; to defile.

同意語

• (violate something sacred): defile, unhallow; see also Thesaurus:desecrate
• (put to a wrong or unworthy use): abase, adulterate, degrade, demean, misapply, misuse, pervert

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “violate something sacred”): consecrate, sanctify; see also Thesaurus:consecrate

関連する語

副詞

profānē (comparative profānius, superlative profānissimē)

1. in an unclean, unholy, or godless fashion or manner

形容詞

profāne

1. vocative masculine singular of profānus

参照

• “profane”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “profane”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• profane in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung