Port.とは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /pɔːt/
• (General American) IPA: /pɔɹt/
• (rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) IPA: /po(ː)ɹt/
• (non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) IPA: /poət/
• 韻: -ɔː(ɹ)t

語源 1

From 古期英語 port, borrowed from Latin portus (“port, harbour”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”) (and thus a distant doublet of ford). The directional sense, attested since at least the 1500s, derives from ancient vessels with the steering oar on the right (see etymology of starboard), which therefore had to moor with their left sides facing the dock or wharf. Doublet of fjard, fjord, firth, ford, and Portus.

名詞

port (countable and uncountable, plural ports)

1. A place on the coast at which ships can shelter, or dock to load and unload cargo or passengers.

   Synonyms: harbour, haven

   • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

     peering in maps for ports and piers and roads

   • 2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:

     From the ground, Colombo's port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble away.

2. A town or city containing such a place, a port city.

   Synonyms: harbour city, harbour town, port city

   • 2023 July 1, Mark Townsend, “‘We are seen as less human’: inside Marseille’s districts abandoned by the police”, in The Observer‎, →ISSN:

     More broadly, the port is seen as a litmus test for France; if its most multicultural city can foster vast Muslim enclaves viewed with broad suspicion or hostility by the police, then what hope is there elsewhere?

3. (nautical, aviation, uncountable) The left-hand side of a vessel, including aircraft, when one is facing the front. Used to unambiguously refer to directions relative to the vessel structure, rather than to a person or object on board.

   Synonyms: backboard, larboard, leeboard, left

   Antonym: starboard

4. (rowing) A sweep rower that primarily rows with an oar on the port side.

   Each eight has four ports and four starboards.

下位語

• cold-water port
• warm-water port

派生語

Nouns

Proper nouns

派生した語

• → Hindi: पोर्ट (porṭ)
• → Russian: порт (port)
• → Thai: พอร์ต (pɔ̀t)

形容詞

port (not comparable)

1. (nautical) Of or relating to port, the left-hand side of a vessel when facing the bow.

   on the port side

同意語

• larboard, backboard, left

反意語

• starboard

動詞

port (third-person singular simple present ports, present participle porting, simple past and past participle ported)

1. (nautical, transitive, chiefly imperative) To turn or put to the left or larboard side of a ship; said of the helm.

   Port your helm!

2. (nautical) To dock at a port.
   • 2009 March 25, Metro International, Atlantic Free Daily Newspapers Inc., Metro Halifax - March 25, 2009‎:

     The tall ships will port in Pugwash during its annual Harbourfest Celebrations […]

   • 2015, M.L. Brummett, Semper Fidelis‎:

     We have to wait until the ship ports, buddy, and then we can get you the help you need.

   • 2017, Willian R. Stephenson, Conversations: Stories and Poems that Speak to Our Soul‎:

     Our cruise ship ported at Mykonos, a small island off the coast of Greece, for an overnight stay.

語源 2

Inherited from the 古期英語 port, from the Latin porta (“passage, gate”), reinforced by the Old French porte. Doublet of porta.

名詞

port (plural ports)

1. (now Scotland, historical) An entryway or gate.
   • 1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, book X:

     And whan he cam to the porte of the pavelon, Sir Palomydes seyde an hyghe, ‘Where art thou, Sir Trystram de Lyones?’

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.1:

     Long were it to describe the goodly frame, / And stately port of Castle Joyeous […] .

   • 1623, Shakespeare, Coriolanus, V.vi:

     Him I accuse / The city ports by this hath enter'd

   • 1667, Milton, Paradise Lost, book IV:

     And from their ivory port the Cherubim, / Forth issuing at the accustomed hour

2. An opening or doorway in the side of a ship, especially for boarding or loading; an embrasure through which a cannon may be discharged; a porthole.
   • c. 1615, Sir W. Raleigh, A Discourse of the Invention of Ships, Anchors, Compass […] :

     […] her ports being within sixteen inches of the water […]

3. (medicine) A small medical appliance installed beneath the skin, connected to a vein by a catheter, and used to inject drugs or to draw blood samples.
4. (bowls, curling) A narrow opening between other players' bowls or stones wide enough for a delivered bowl or stone to pass through.

   Synonym: wick

5. An opening where a connection (such as with a pipe) is made.
6. An opening with a valve seat such that a valve can control the flow of fluid through the opening.
7. (computing):
   1. A logical or physical construct in and from which data are transferred. Computer port on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
   2. A female connector of an electronic device, into which a cable's male connector can be inserted.
   3. (also networking) A number that delimits a connection for specific processes or parts of a network service.

下位語

派生語

語源 3

From Old French porter, from Latin portāre (“carry”). Akin to transport, portable.

動詞

port (third-person singular simple present ports, present participle porting, simple past and past participle ported)

1. (transitive) To carry, bear, bring, or transport. See porter.
   • 1567 February 8 (Gregorian calendar), John Pits, “The .100. Psalme”, in A Poore Mannes Beneuolence to the Afflicted Church, London: […] Alexander Lacy, signature [B.iv.], recto:

     Dauid in this Pſalme doth exhoꝛt, to pꝛayſe the Loꝛde alwayes: Foꝛ that he did vs make and poꝛt, and guydes vs all our dayes.

   • a. 1662 (date written), Thomas Fuller, “Shrop-shire”, in The History of the Worthies of England, London: […] J[ohn] G[rismond,] W[illiam] L[eybourne] and W[illiam] G[odbid], published 1662, →OCLC, page 1:

     What one may call River or Freſh-water-Coale, digged out in this Country, at ſuch a diſtance from Severne, that they are eaſily ported by Boat into other Shires.

   • 2001, Steven Johnson, “The Myth of the Ant Queen”, in Emergence: The Connected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities, and Software, New York, N.Y.: Scribner, →ISBN, part 1, page 32:

     A handful of ants meander across each plank, some porting crumblike objects on their back, others apparently just out for a stroll.

2. (transitive, military) To hold or carry (a weapon) with both hands so that it lies diagonally across the front of the body, with the barrel or similar part near the left shoulder and the right hand grasping the small of the stock; or, to throw (the weapon) into this position on command.

   Port arms!

   • 1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost, book IV:

     […] the angelic squadron...began to hem him round with ported spears.

3. (transitive, computing, video games) To adapt, modify, or recode to work on a different platform.
   • 2022, Gabrielle Zevin, Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, Vintage (2023), page 259:

     By its tenth week of release, CPH was the best-selling PC game in America. PlayStation and Xbox ports were already in the works, and there was talk of porting it to Nintendo.

4. (ergative, telephony) To carry or transfer (an existing telephone number) from one service provider to another.
   • 2011, Stephen P. Olejniczak, Telecom For Dummies, page 131:

     If you submit a request to port a number, and you list the name on the account as Bob Smith, but your local carrier has the number listed under your wife's name Mary Mahoney, the porting request is rejected.

5. (US, government and law) To transfer a voucher or subsidy from one jurisdiction to another.

派生語

名詞

port (plural ports)

1. Something used to carry a thing, especially a frame for wicks in candle-making.
2. (archaic) The manner in which a person carries himself; bearing; deportment; carriage. See also portance.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, II.iii:

     Those same with stately grace, and princely port / She taught to tread, when she her selfe would grace […]

   • a. 1717 (date written), Robert South, “(please specify the sermon number)”, in Five Additional Volumes of Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions. […], volume (please specify |volume=VII to XI), London: […] Charles Bathurst, […], published 1744, →OCLC:

     the necessities of pomp, grandeur, and a suitable port in the world

   • 1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, [Paris]: Olympia Press, →OCLC:

     For the port, the voice, the smell, the hairdress, were seldom the same, from one day to the next, […]

3. (military) The position of a weapon when ported; a rifle position executed by throwing the weapon diagonally across the front of the body, with the right hand grasping the small of the stock and the barrel sloping upward and crossing the point of the left shoulder.
4. (computing) A program that has been adapted, modified, or recoded so that it works on a different platform; the act of this adapting.

   Gamers can't wait until a port of the title is released on the new system.

   The latest port of the database software is the worst since we made the changeover.

5. (computing, BSD) A set of files used to build and install a binary executable file from the source code of an application.

派生語

語源 4

Named from Portuguese Porto, a city in Portugal where the wines were originally shipped from.

名詞

port (countable and uncountable, plural ports)

1. A type of very sweet fortified wine, mostly dark red, traditionally made in Portugal.

同意語

• Porto, porto, port wine

等位語

• Madeira, madeira
• Marsala, marsala
• sherry

派生語

語源 5

Clipping of portmanteau.

名詞

port (plural ports)

1. (Queensland) A suitcase or schoolbag.
   • 1964, George Johnston, My Brother Jack:

     No, she just paid up proper-like t' the end of the week, an' orf she went with 'er port, down t' the station, I suppose.

   • 2001, Sally de Dear, The House on Pig Island‎, page 8:

     As they left the classroom, Jennifer pointed at the shelves lining the veranda. “Put your port in there.”
     “What?” asked Penny.
     “Your port - your school bag, silly. It goes in there.”

   • 2006, Alexis Wright, Carpentaria, Giramondo, published 2012, page 53:

     How do you think the cane toads got into this pristine environment? Joseph Midnight brought them in his port from Townsville, smuggled them in, not that anyone was there to stop him.

派生語

語源 6

Clipping of portfolio.

名詞

port (plural ports)

1. (informal) The portfolio of a model or artist.
   • 2011, Debbie Rose Myers, The Graphic Designer's Guide to Portfolio Design, page 53:

     This is a logical way to order your work, but use it only if you're confident the first piece in your port is a strong one. Also note that this style of arrangement works best if all the pieces are in the same category.

参考

• port de bras

アナグラム

• -trop-, Prot., prot-, torp, trop, trop-, trop.

語源 1

Borrowed from Latin portus (“harbour, port, haven, warehouse”).

名詞

port m

1. a port, a haven (a harbor or harbor-town)
2. a town, particularly one with special trading privileges
   • late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Seven Sleepers"

     ...he wolde gan ut of ðam porte...

     ...he desired to go out of the town...

   • late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Seven Sleepers"

     nu ic wæs of þam rihtan wege mines ingeþances ac betere hit bið þæt ic eft fare ut of þysum porte ðylæs þe ic to swiðe dwelige and for-þy þonne ne cume to minum geferum þe me ær hyder sendon; gewislice ic her ongyten hæbbe þæt me hæfð gelæht fæste mines modes oferstige þæt ic nat na forgeare hu ic hit þus macige.

     Now I was in the right way in my inward thought, but better will it be that I go out of this town again lest I be too greatly bewildered, and so may not come to my comrades who erewhile sent me here; certainly I have here perceived that the over anxiety of my mind hath here seized me, so that I know not very certainly why I thus act.

語形変化

Strong a-stem:

派生語

派生した語

• Middle English: port
  • English: port
  • Scots: port

語源 2

Borrowed from Latin porta (“gate, entrance, passage, door”).

名詞

port m

1. portal (a door or gate; an entrance)

語形変化

Strong a-stem:

派生した語

• Middle English: port
  • English: port
  • Scots: port

参照

• Joseph Bosworth; T. Northcote Toller (1898), “port”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.