Pawnとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /pɔːn/
• (米国発音) IPA: /pɔn/
• (cot–caught merger) IPA: /pɑn/
• (Southern 米国発音) IPA: /pɑɒn/
• Homophone: porn (non-rhotic)
• 韻: -ɔːn

語源 1

From 中期英語 paun, pawyn, pawnd, from Old French pan, pant (“pledge for a payment”), from a Germanic language, perhaps Frankish *pand (“deposit, security, pledge”), further origin uncertain. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Pound (“deposit, pledge, pawn”), West Frisian pân (“pawn”), Dutch pand (“pledge, pawn”), German Low German Pand (“deposit, pledge, pawn”), German Pfand (“deposit, pledge, pawn”), Swedish pant (“pledge, pawn”), Faroese pantur (“security, lien”), Icelandic pantur (“pledge, security, pawn”).

名詞

pawn (countable and uncountable, plural pawns)

1. (uncountable) The state of being held as security for a loan, or as a pledge.

   All our jewellery was in pawn by this stage.

2. An instance of pawning something.
   • 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

     Redeem from broking pawn the blemish'd crown.

   • 1624, John Donne, “19. Prayer”, in Deuotions upon Emergent Occasions, and Seuerall Steps in My Sicknes: […], London: […] A[ugustine] M[atthews] for Thomas Iones, →OCLC, page 508:

     As therefore the morning devv, is a pavvne of the evenings fatneſſe, ſo, O Lord, let this daies comfort be the earneſt of to morrowes, […]

3. (archaic) An item given as security on a loan, or as a pledge.
   • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

     My life I never held but as a pawn / To wage against thy enemies.

   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:

     Brokers, takers of pawns, biting userers, I will not admit; yet […] I will tolerate some kind of usery.

   • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Usury”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

     As for mortgaging or pawning, […] men will not take pawns without use [i.e. interest].

4. (rare) A pawnshop; pawnbroker.

派生語

動詞

pawn (third-person singular simple present pawns, present participle pawning, simple past and past participle pawned)

1. (transitive) To pledge; to stake or wager.
2. (transitive) To give as security on a loan of money; especially, to deposit (something) at a pawn shop.
   • 1904, Henry Warren, The Customer's Guide to Banking, page 7:

     A certain, and probably an appreciable, proportion of his so-called money at call and short notice would consist of fortnightly advances made to members of the Stock Exchange against pawned stocks and shares.

   • 1965, Bob Dylan, Like a Rolling Stone:

     But you'd better take your diamond ring, you'd better pawn it, babe.

同意語

• (to deposit at a pawn shop): hock, lumber, pledge, spout, vamp

派生語

参考

• pawn off

語源 2

From 中期英語 pown, from Anglo-Norman poun, paun (“footman”), from Late Latin pedōnem (“pedestrian”), derived from Latin ped- (“foot”). Doublet of peon.

名詞

pawn (plural pawns)

1. (chess) The most numerous chess piece, or a similar piece in a similar game. In chess, each side starts with eight; moves are only forward, and attacks are only diagonally or en passant.

   Hypernyms: chess piece, chessman < piece, object

   Hyponyms: see Thesaurus:pawn

   • 2022, “2023 Laws of Chess”, in FIDE‎, pages 5, 21:

     The pawn may move forward to the square immediately in front of it on the same file, provided that this square is unoccupied […] Consequently, in the initial position the white pieces and pawns are placed on the first and second ranks; the black pieces and pawns on the eighth and seventh ranks.

2. (idiomatic) A person being manipulated by another, being used to some end.

   Hypernyms: manipulee < person

   Near-synonym: chess piece

   Though a pawn of the gods, her departure is the precipitating cause of the Trojan War.

   • 2022 December 14, Mel Holley, “Network News: Strikes go on as RMT rejects RDG's "detrimental" offer”, in RAIL, number 972, page 9:

     He delivered a broadside to the RMT leadership, saying: "This response to a significantly enhanced offer exposes their true priority - using the British public and NR workers as pawns in a fight with the Government.

派生語

参考

• ♙, ♟
• Pawn (chess) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Appendix:Chess pieces

語源 3

名詞

pawn (countable and uncountable, plural pawns)

1. Alternative form of paan.
   • 1832, Meer Hassan Ali, Observations on the Mussulmauns of India:

     A tray filled with pawns, prepared with the usual ingredients, as lime cuttie (a bitter gum), betel-nut, tobacco, spices, &c.

   • 1892, Chambers's Journal, volume 69, page 320:

     To our English taste, pawn is very offensive; but the natives of India relish it, and regard it as a necessity. It is much eaten by Mohammedans of both sexes, and by the natives of Bengal.

語源 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

名詞

pawn (plural pawns)

1. A gallery.

語源 5

動詞

pawn (third-person singular simple present pawns, present participle pawning, simple past and past participle pawned)

1. (video games) Alternative form of pwn.

アナグラム

• WPAN