Pauperとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈpɔː.pə/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈpɔ.pɚ/
• (cot–caught merger) IPA: /ˈpɑ.pɚ/
  • Homophone: popper (cot–caught merger)
• (General Australian) IPA: /ˈpoː.pə/
• 韻: -ɔːpə(ɹ)

名詞

pauper (plural paupers)

1. One who is extremely poor.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:pauper

   • 1991, Art Spiegelman, Maus I: My Father Bleeds History, New York: Pantheon Books, page 132:

     He has hundreds of thousands of dollars in the bank, and he lives like a pauper!

2. One living on or eligible for public charity.

派生語

関連する語

動詞

pauper (third-person singular simple present paupers, present participle paupering, simple past and past participle paupered)

1. (transitive) To make a pauper of; to drive into poverty.
   • 2017, Naomi Rawlings, Love's Christmas Hope:

     “There's no sense in you paupering yourself because you're too stubborn to take my money.”

参考

• in forma pauperis

参照

Further reading

• Pauperism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Poverty threshold on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Measuring poverty on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

語源

From Proto-Italic *pawoparos (a thematic adjective, which was switched to the third declension in Latin analogically), from a compound beginning with Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, small”) (compare English few). The origin of the second element, -per, is less certain, but probably *perh₃- (“to grant, bestow, provide”) (compare Ancient Greek ἔπορον (époron, “to supply, grant, pay”)), therefore the compound meant “providing little”.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈpau̯.pɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈpaːu̯.per]

形容詞

pauper (genitive pauperis, comparative pauperior, superlative pauperrimus); third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem)

1. poor

   Synonyms: egens, inops, exiguus

   Antonyms: opulentus, dives, dis, ditis, opulens, locuples, pecuniosus

   • c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium 1.2.6:

     Illa vērō nōn est paupertās, sī laeta est; nōn quī parum habet, sed quī plūs cupit, pauper est.

     [Seneca has just quoted Epicurus regarding “cheerful” poverty:] But truly, it is not poverty if it is cheerful; it is not the one who has little, but the one who craves more, who is poor.

語形変化

Third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem).

• In Late or Vulgar Latin, this third declension adjective seems to have been regularized to first/second declension, like in the attested forms pauperus and paupera.

派生語

• pauperculus
• pauperiēs
• paupertās

関連する語

• paucus

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• “pauper”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “pauper”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “pauper”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to raise a man from poverty to wealth: aliquem ex paupere divitem facere