Paroleとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from Middle French parole (“word, formal promise”), from Old French parole, from Late Latin parabola (“speech”), from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ). Doublet of parabola, parable, and palaver.

発音

• enPR: pə-rōlʹ, IPA: /pəˈɹoʊl/
  • (英国発音) IPA: [p(ʰ)əˈɹəʊɫ]
  • (米国発音) IPA: [pʰəˈɹʷoʊɫ], [pʰɹ̩ˈoʊɫ]
• 韻: -əʊl
• ハイフネーション: pa‧role

名詞

parole (usually uncountable, plural paroles)

1. (with on) Originally, one's oath or word of honour, given as a condition of release from custody; now specifically, describing the release of a former prisoner under certain conditions, especially the promise of good behaviour. [from 17th c.]

   He will be on parole for nearly two more years.

   He was released on parole.

2. Conditional release of a prisoner (now especially before the end of a custodial sentence), or the term or state of such release; the system governing such releases. [from 17th c.]
   • 2023 February 16, WCCO Staff, “Julissa Thaler sentenced to life in prison for murdering 6-year-old son, Eli Hart”, in cbsnews.com‎:

     A Minnesota woman who killed her 6-year-old son will now spend the rest of her life in prison without the possibility of parole.

3. (now historical) A word of honor, especially given by a prisoner of war, to not engage in combat if released. [from 17th c.]
   • 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

     This man had forfeited his military parole.

   • 1926, T.E. Lawrence, Seven Pillars of Wisdom, New York: Anchor, published 1991, page 167:

     In hospital he gave his parole, and was enlarged after paying for the torn blanket.

4. (now rare) A watchword or code phrase; (military) a password given only to officers, distinguished from the countersign, which is given to all guards. [from 18th c.]
   • 1791, James Boswell, Life of Johnson, Oxford, published 2008, page 1143:

     ‘Classical quotation is the parole of literary men all over the world.’

   • 1796, John Stedman, chapter 4, in Narrative of a Five Years’ Expedition,‎, volume 1, London: J. Johnson, page 80:

     […] their parole or watchword, which is orange, distinguishes them from the rebels in any action, to prevent disagreeable mistakes.

5. (linguistics) Language in use, as opposed to language as a system. [from 20th c.]

   Coordinate term: langue

6. (US, immigration law) The permission for a foreigner who does not meet the technical requirements for a visa to be allowed to enter the U.S. on humanitarian grounds.
7. (law) Alternative form of parol.

派生語

関連する語

• pass-parole
• porte-parole

Further reading

• Parole (United States immigration) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

動詞

parole (third-person singular simple present paroles, present participle paroling, simple past and past participle paroled)

1. (transitive, law) To release (a prisoner) on the understanding that s/he checks in regularly and obeys the law.
   • 1980 April 12, Lew Lasher, “INS 'Paroles' Australian; Policy Still Unclear”, in Gay Community News, page 1:

     Whitelaw was allowed to continue to San Francisco. There, INS officials assigned Whitelaw a temporary status for "deferred examination," and "paroled" him into the U.S., permitting him to stay for his planned five-week vacation.

2. (intransitive) To be released on parole.
   • 1983 August 20, Dwain Rasmussen, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 6, page 23:

     I am a gay guy that likes S&M, and am looking for a master out on the streets to write me in here. I would like to parole to NYC some day if I can.

派生語

アナグラム

• Aperol, Lopera