Milleとは 意味・読み方・使い方

参考

語源 1

From Proto-Italic *smīɣeslī, from earlier *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂, from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥- (“one”) + *-ih₂ (feminine suffix) + *ǵʰés-lo- (“heap”) + *-ih₂. Compare Ancient Greek χίλιοι (khílioi), Persian هزار (hezâr), and Sanskrit सहस्र (sahásra).

別の表記

• M, ↀ (symbol)

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈmiːl.lɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈmil.le]

数詞

mīlle (genitive mīlle); semi-indeclinable numeral

1. thousand; 1000

   Mīlle hominum rīsit, or, mīlle hominēs rīsērunt or, less preferrably, mīlle hominum rīsērunt. ― A thousand people laughed.

   Duo mīlia ovium tōnsa sunt. ― Two thousand sheep have been sheared.

   • c. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 1.16.13:

     Lūcīlius autem . . .

     Tū mīllī nummum potes ūnō quaerere centum

     'mīllī passum' dīxit prō 'mīlle passibus' et 'ūnō mīllī nummum' prō 'ūnīs mīlle nummīs', apertēque ostendit 'mīlle' et vocābulum esse et singulārī numerō dīci eiusque plūrātivum esse 'mīlia' et cāsum etiam capere ablātīvum

     While Lucilius wrote . . .

     With a thousand sesterces you can get a hundred thousand.

     milli passum instead of mille passibus and uno milli nummum for unis mille nummis, thus showing clearly that mille is a noun, used in the singular number, that its plural is milia, and that it even forms an ablative case.

   • 70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem 2.148:

     nōn mīlle, nōn duo, nec tria mīlia, sed ad ūnās ūnius agrī decumās trīticī modium trīgintā voluisse addere

     was prepared to pay not a thousand, not two, not three thousand, but thirty thousand pecks of wheat above the going price for the individual tithes of one single district

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 42.55:

     Chalcide cum Attalō et quattuor mīlibus peditum, mīlle equitum ad cōnsulem vēnit.

     A thousand horsemen came to the consul from Chalkis, accompanied by Attalus and by four thousand foot soldiers.

   • c. 117 CE, Tacitus, Annales 13.40:

     et tergum mīlle equitēs tuēbantur

     and a thousand horsemen were guarding the rear

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Iob.42.12:

     Dominus autem benedīxit novissimīs Iob magis quam prīncipiō eius, et facta sunt ei quattuordecim mīlia ovium, et sex mīlia camēlōrum, et mīlle iuga boum, et mīlle asinae

     Moreover, God blessed Job's last days more than at the beginning, as 14000 sheep were made, and 6000 camels, and a thousand yoke of oxen, and a thousand female donkeys.

使用する際の注意点

• The singular form can be:
  • originally a neuter noun with singular agreement taking the noun in genitive plural: mīlle mīlitum vēnit;
  • an indeclinable adjective with plural agreement, by analogy with other cardinal numerals: mīlle mīlitēs vēnērunt ("a thousand soldiers came");
  • or even a neuter noun with plural agreement, perhaps in a partitive sense: as in mīlle mīlitum vēnērunt.
• The plural form normally behaves as a fully-declinable neuter noun of the third declension, with which the predicate agrees, as in duo mīlia mīlitum capta ("two thousand soldiers were captured");
  • but not if part of a compound numeral, and not with personal reference in the absence of a genitive, in which case it's an adjective, as in duo mīlia quīngentae (mīlitēs) captae ("two thousand five hundred women (soldiers) were captured"), tria mīlia captī ("three thousand were captured").
• An ablative singular form mīllī also occurs - see usage examples.
• For additional information see Appendix:Latin cardinal numerals.

語形変化

Semi-indeclinable numeral.

派生語

派生した語

参考

• Appendix:Latin cardinal numerals

語源 2

Shortened from Latin mīlle passūs, mīlle passuum (“Roman mile”, literally “a thousand of paces”).

名詞

mīlle n

1. a mile, particularly a Roman mile of 8 stades (stadia); 1,000 paces (passūs); or 5,000 feet (pedes)

語形変化

Semi-indeclinable numeral.

同意語

• mīlle passūs
• mīlle passuum

派生語

派生した語

参照

• “mille”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “mille”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “mille”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a mile away: a mille passibus
    
  • to be fined 10,000 asses: decem milibus aeris damnari
    
• Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “mīlle”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 379-380