Materialismとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from French matérialisme. By surface analysis, material +‎ -ism. (Can this etymology be sourced? Particularly: “the French entry says that the French word is modelled after English's”)

発音

• (General American) IPA: /məˈtɪɹiəlɪzəm/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /məˈtɪəɹiəlɪzəm/
• ハイフネーション: ma‧te‧ri‧al‧ism

名詞

materialism (countable and uncountable, plural materialisms)

1. Constant concern over material possessions and wealth; a great or excessive regard for worldly concerns.

   Antonym: spirituality

   • 2010, Nuala O'Faolain, “An Ugly Little War”, in A More Complex Truth:

     We accept that a third of the population live on the poverty line. We accept that only a handful of the most exceptional of the children of the poor will make it through to a third-level education. We accept massive examples of greed and dishonesty in public life. We except the values of materialism. What do we expect then—to be left un-harassed, we who have all the privileges?

2. (philosophy) The philosophical belief that nothing exists beyond what is physical.

   Synonyms: physicalism, philosophical materialism, thingism

   Antonym: idealism

   • 1814, Joseph S. Buckminster, The Sermons by the Late Rev. Joseph S. Buckminster, Sermon I:

     The result of the labours of philosophy appeared to be a total scepticism on the most important subjects of hu man duty and expectation. The irregular fears of a future state had been supplanted by the materialism of Epicurus; and this system—if system it may be called, which left them without a God, a providence, a morality, or a retribution—was the fashionable philosophy of the more cultivated classes.

   • 1902, William James, “Lecture I”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC:

     Medical materialism seems indeed a good appellation for the too simple-minded system of thought which we are considering. ... All such mental over-tensions, it says, are, when you come to the bottom of the matter, mere affairs of diathesis (auto-intoxications most probably), due to the perverted action of various glands which physiology will yet discover.

   • 2015 January 26, Michael Egnor, “Aristotle on the Immateriality of Intellect and Will”, in Evolution News‎, retrieved 11 January 2021:

     With the rise of Cartesian and Hobbesian mechanical philosophy and materialism in the 16th and 17th centuries, the classical argument for the immateriality of the intellect and will was simply ignored and then forgotten.

3. (obsolete, rare) Material substances in the aggregate; matter.

派生語

関連する語

参考

Further reading

• “materialism”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “materialism”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• "materialism" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 197.