Maraとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /ˈmɑːɹə/
• 韻: -ɑːɹə

語源 1

Borrowed from Old Norse mara, from Proto-Germanic *marǭ, cognate with 古期英語 mare or mære. Doublet of mare. See nightmare.

名詞

mara (plural maras)

1. (European folklore) A nightmare; a spectre or wraith-like creature in Germanic and particularly Scandinavian folklore; a female demon who torments people in sleep by crouching on their chests or stomachs, or by causing terrifying visions.
   • 1996, Catharina Raudvere, “Now you see her, now you don't: some notes on the conception of female shape-shifters in Scandinavian traditions”, in Sandra Billington, Miranda Green, editors, The Concept of the Goddess, pages 41–55:

     The corpus of related texts tells us that within rural society it was not improbable for your neighbour's envy of your fine cattle to take the form of a mara.

Further reading

• Mare (folklore) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

語源 2

Borrowed from Sanskrit मार (māra).

名詞

mara (plural maras)

1. (Buddhism) A type of god that prevents accomplishment or success.
   • 2011, Graham Woodhouse, Lobsang Gyatso, Tsongkhapa's Praise for Dependent Relativity‎, Wisdom Publications, page 20:

     Mara means demon, or demonic influence, that hinders the practice of virtue. It may be an external spirit or an aspect of our own imperfect condition. All hindrances on the path to liberation are subsumed under the four maras. The first mara is the mara of the aggregates. […] The second of the maras is the mara of the afflictions, which are the same as the afflictive obstructions. They are identified as a mara because they precipitate all harmful actions, from malicious gossip to murder. […] The third mara is Devaputra, literally "son of a god," an external troublemaker who specializes in interfering with beings who are endeavoring to achieve something positive. […] The last mara is the mara of death.

2. (Buddhism) Any malicious or evil spirit.
   • 2002, Sarvananda Bluestone, The World Dream Book, page 73:

     The mara is the spirit that causes illness, accidents, and mishaps. The only protection against it is another mara who befriends a person or a group. A mara who becomes friendly is called a gunik. This transformation occurs when a mara comes to a person in a dream and states a desire to be friendly. But there are deceitful maras who pretend to be friendly, yet will betray the person who trusts them.

関連する語

• Mara

Further reading

• Mara (demon) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

語源 3

From New World Spanish mara.

名詞

mara (plural maras)

1. Any caviid rodent of the genus Dolichotis, common in the Patagonian steppes of Argentina.
   • 1999, Michael A. Mares, editor, Encyclopedia of Deserts‎, Mara, page 349:

     Maras have a white patch of fur on the rump that they flash when running, an adaptation they share with several species of deer and antelopes.

   • 2011, Terry A. Vaughan, James M. Ryan, Nicholas J. Czaplewski, Mammalogy, 5th edition, page 228:

     Although only Dolichotis, the Patagonian mara, is strongly cursorial, all caviids have certain features typical of cursorial mammals […] .

   • 2013, R. L. Honeycutt, “Chapter 3: Phylogenetics of Caviomorph Rodents and Genetic Perspectives on the Evolution of Sociality and Mating Systems in the Caviidae”, in José Roberto Moreira, Katia Maria P.M.B. Ferraz, Emilio A. Herrera, David W. Macdonald, editors, Capybara: Biology, Use and Conservation of an Exceptional Neotropical Species‎, page 70:

     Maras (Dolichotis patagonum) are cursorial and prefer open areas with low vegetation for breeding and more barren sites for construction of communal dens (Taber and Macdonald 1992; Baldi 2007).

派生語

• Patagonian mara (Dolichotis patagonum)
• Chacoan mara (Dolichotis salinicola)

参照

• mara (mammal) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Dolichotis on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
• Category:Dolichotis on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

語源 4

名詞

mara (plural maras)

1. (US) A Latin American criminal gang.

参考

• mara d'atra
• terra-mara

アナグラム

• Rāma, Rama, ARMA, -rama, maar, amra, Aram, Amar

発音

• IPA: /ˈmɑːrɑ/
• 韻: -āra

形容詞

māra

1. comparative degree of miċel: more
2. greater
   • c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent Sunday"

     Māre wundor is þæt God Ælmihtig ǣlce dæġ fēt ealne middangeard,...

     A greater miracle it is that God Almighty every day feeds all the world,...

語形変化

派生した語

• Middle English: more, mare, moore
  • English: more
  • Geordie: mair
  • Scots: mair
  • Yola: more, mo'

名詞

mara

1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of marum