MOISTとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /mɔɪst/
• 韻: -ɔɪst

語源 1

The adjective is derived from 中期英語 moist, moiste [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman moist, moiste, moste, Middle French moiste, and Old French moiste, muste (“damp, moist, wet”) (modern French moite); further etymology uncertain, perhaps a blend of a Late Latin variant of Latin mūcidus (“mouldy, musty”) + a Late Latin derivative of Latin mustum (“unfermented or partially fermented grape juice or wine, must”).

The noun is derived from the adjective.

形容詞

moist (comparative moister or more moist, superlative moistest or most moist)

1. Characterized by the presence of moisture; not dry; slightly wet; damp. [from 14th c.]

   Synonyms: moisty; see also Thesaurus:wet

   Antonyms: unmoist; see also Thesaurus:dry

   • c. 1605–1608 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Tymon of Athens”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii], page 92, column 2:

     Will theſe moyſt Trees,
     That haue out-liu'd the Eagle, page thy heeles
     And skip when thou point'ſt out?

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Prayer of Azariah, verse 26, column 1:

     And [the Angel of the Lord] made the mids of the fornace, as it had bene a moiſt whiſtling wind, ſo that the fire touched them not at all, neither hurt nor troubled them.

   • 1625, [Samuel] Purchas, “Relations of Africa, Taken Out of Master George Sandys His Larger Discourse Obserued in His Iourney, Begun Ann. 1610. Lib. 2.”, in Purchas His Pilgrimes. […], 2nd part, London: […] William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, […], →OCLC, 6th book, § III (The Pyramides Viewed, Sphynx and Other Antiquities. Iourney from Cairo to Gaza.), page 908:

     [Y]et the North-ſide [of the pyramids of Giza] moſt worne, by reaſon of the humiditie of the Northerne wind, which here is the moiſteſt.

   • 1631, Francis [Bacon], “V. Century. [Experiments in Consort, Touching the Melioration of Fruits, Trees, and Plants.]”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC, paragraph 465, page 117:

     [W]e ſee Swines and Pigs Fleſh is the Moiſteſt of Fleſhes.

   • 1637, John Milton, “Lycidas”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC, page 63:

     Whilſt thee the ſhores, and ſounding Seas
     Waſh far away, where ere thy bones are hurld,
     Whether beyond the ſtormy Hebrides,
     Where thou perhaps under the whelming tide
     Viſit'ſt the bottom of the monſtrous world;
     Or whether thou to our moiſt vows deny'd,
     Sleep'ſt by the fable of Bellerus old, […]

     That is, “tearful vows”: compare sense 2.

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 1065–1066:

     [T]he Winds
     Blow moiſt and keen, ſhattering the graceful locks
     Of theſe fair ſpreading Trees; […]

   • 1704, Nathan Bailey, “HOP”, in Dictionarium Rusticum & Urbanicum: Or, A Dictionary of All Sorts of Country Affairs, Handicraft, Trading, and Merchandizing. […], London: […] J. Nicholson, […], →OCLC, column 1:

     After every watering, which need not be above twice or thrice in every Summer, ſo they may be thoroughly wet, be ſure to make up the Hills, wherein holes for the water had been made, with ſome parings, and with the weeds, and cooleſt and moiſteſt Materials that can be got.

   • 1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Three. The Second of the Three Spirits.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, pages 83–84:

     Nor was it that the figs were moist and pulpy, or that the French plums blushed in modest tartness from their highly-decorated boxes, […]: but the customers were all so hurried and so eager in the hopeful promise of the day, that they tumbled up against each other at the door, […]

   • 1937 November 1, “Books: Modernist Miracle: The Gardener Who Saw God—Edward James—Scribner ($2.50) [book review]”, in Time‎, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 10 November 2021:

     Joseph Smith, a diffident, conscientious young man with moist hands and an awkward, absent-minded manner, was head gardener at Wotton Vanborough.

   • 2011, Dominic Streatfeild, “Stuff Happens”, in A History of the World since 9/11, London: Atlantic Books, →ISBN, page 192:

     'The other car didn't explode,' continues Abu Shujaa. 'The explosives were a bit moist. They had been stored in a place that was too humid. […]'

2. Of eyes: wet with tears; tearful; also (obsolete), watery due to some illness or to old age. [from 14th c.]

   Synonyms: dewy-eyed, misty, teary, weepy, wet

   • c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Second Part of Henrie the Fourth, […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

     [H]aue you not a moiſt eie, a dry hand, a yelow cheeke, a white beard, a decreaſing leg, an increaſing belly? […] and will you yet call your ſelfe yong? fie, fie, fie, ſir Iohn.

   • 1609 December (first performance), Beniamin Ionson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Epicoene, or The Silent Woman. A Comœdie. […]”, in The Workes of Beniamin Ionson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 531:

     Come, the other are conſiderations, when wee come to haue gray heads, and weake hammes, moiſt eyes, and ſhrunke members. Wee'll thinke on 'hem then; then wee'll pray, and faſt.

   • a. 1851, William Wordsworth, “The White Doe of Rylstone”, in Henry [Hope] Reed, editor, The Complete Poetical Works of William Wordsworth, Philadelphia, Pa.: Hayes & Zell, […], published 1860, →OCLC, canto II, page 332, column 2:

     And on the banner which stood near
     He glanced a look of holy pride,
     And his moist eyes were glorified; […]

   • 1859, Alfred Tennyson, “Enid”, in Idylls of the King, London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], →OCLC, page 64:

     At this the tender sound of his own voice
     And sweet self-pity, or the fancy of it,
     Made his eye moist; but Enid fear'd his eyes,
     Moist as they were, wine-heated from the feast; […]

   • 1974 December 6, “Trials: Mitchell and Stans: Not Guilty”, in Time‎, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 10 November 2021:

     Eyes moist, he [Maurice Stans] hugged one of his attorneys and later said: "I feel like I've been reborn."

3. Of a climate, the weather, etc.: damp, humid, rainy. [from 14th c.]

   Synonyms: dank; see also Thesaurus:muggy

   • 1697, Virgil, “The First Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 53, lines 145–146:

     Ye Swains, invoke the Pow'rs who rule the Sky,
     For a moiſt Summer, and a Winter dry:
     For Winter drout rewards the Peaſant's Pain,
     And broods indulgent on the bury'd Grain.

   • 1758, William Borlase, “Of the Air, and Weather”, in The Natural History of Cornwall. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [F]or the author, by W. Jackson; sold by W. Sandby, […], →OCLC, page 6:

     [I]n the year 1752, which we may reckon among ſome of our moiſteſt Summers throughout England, more Rain fell at London than at Plymouth, according to an eſtimate made at both places; […]

   • 1864 May – 1865 November, Charles Dickens, “Mr. Wegg Looks after Himself”, in Our Mutual Friend. […], volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1865, →OCLC, 1st book (The Cup and the Lip), page 58:

     The time is early in the evening; the weather moist and raw.

   • 2008 September 8, Graham Harvey, “Steaks are high”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian‎, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 14 March 2021:

     With its mild, moist climate, Britain is uniquely placed to grow good grass. Through the centuries pastures have produced many of our basic foods including our beef and lamb; our poultry and eggs; our milk[,] butter and cheese.

4. (informal) Of the vagina: sexually lubricated due to sexual arousal; of a woman: sexually aroused, turned on. [from 20th c.]

   Synonym: wet

   • 2008, Marcia King-Gamble, chapter 14, in Meet Phoenix (Kimani Romance), New York, N.Y.: Kimani Press, →ISBN, page 168:

     He slid a finger in me, checking to make sure I was moist and ready for him.

5. (medicine)
   1. Characterized by the presence of some fluid such as mucus, pus, etc. [from 14th c.]
   2. Of sounds of internal organs (especially as heard through a stethoscope): characterized by the sound of air bubbling through a fluid.
6. (sciences, historical) Pertaining to one of the four essential qualities formerly believed to be present in all things, characterized by wetness; also, having a significant amount of this quality. [from 14th c.]
   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (Second Quarto), London: […] I[ames] R[oberts] for N[icholas] L[ing] […], published 1604, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

     [T]he moiſt ſtarre,
     Vpon whoſe influence Neptunes Empier ſtands,
     Was ſicke almoſt to doomeſday with eclipſe, […]

   • 1621, William of Saluste, Lord of Bartus [i.e., Guillaume de Salluste Du Bartas], “The Fourth Day of the First VVeeke of VVilliam of Salust, Lord of Bartas”, in T. L. D. M. P. [pseudonym; Thomas Lodge], transl., A Learned Summary upon the Famous Poeme of William of Saluste Lord of Bartus. […], London: […] [George Purslowe] for Iohn Grismand […], →OCLC, page 169:

     […] Ergo it behooveth then, that the firſt age, and the firſt ſeaſon of things ſhould beginne in the moiſteſt Signe, which is Aries, and in his head, as the principall of the Members, the Fortreſſe of the Soule, and the Signe of Life.

   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Division of the Body. Humours, Spirits.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 1, member 2, subsection 2, page 13:

     Pituita, or Fleagme, is a cold and moiſt humour, begotten of the colder part of the Chylus, (or white iuyce comming of the meat digeſted in the ſtomacke) in the Liuer, his office is to nouriſh, and moiſten the members of the body, which as the tongue, are moued, that they be no ouer-drye.

   • 1728, E[phraim] Chambers, “ELEMENTS”, in Cyclopædia: Or, An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences; […] In Two Volumes, volumes I (A–H), London: […] James and John Knapton [et al.], →OCLC, page 288, column 2:

     He [Aristotle] made four Elements; the firſt, cold and dry; the ſecond, cold and moiſt; the third, hot and moiſt; and the fourth, hot and dry. […] And Water, being the coldeſt and moiſteſt of all Things, he call'd his ſecond Element, Water.

   • 1791, Oliver Goldsmith, “Of Fish in General”, in An History of the Earth, and Animated Nature. […], new edition, volume VI, London: […] F[rancis] Wingrave, successor to Mr. [John] Nourse, […], →OCLC, part I (The Cetaceous Kind), pages 165–166:

     They [fish] are cold and moiſt, and muſt needs, ſay they, produce juices of the ſame kind, and conſequently are improper to ſtrengthen the body. In this diverſity of opinion, it is the wiſest way to eat our fiſh in the ordinary manner, and pay no great attention to cooks or doctors.

   • 1862 August – 1863 March, Charles Kingsley, chapter VIII, in The Water-Babies: A Fairy Tale for a Land-Baby, London; Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan and Co., published 1863, →OCLC, page 330:

     Neither did the live coals, which were lying about in plenty, burn him; for, being a water-baby, his radical humours were of a moist and cold nature, […]

7. (obsolete)
   1. Fluid, liquid, watery. [from 14th or earlier–17th c.]

      Synonyms: liquidlike; see also Thesaurus:fluidic

      • c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Second Part of Henrie the Fourth, […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

        O pardon me, my liege, but for my teares,
        The moiſt impediments vnto my ſpeech,
        I had foreſtald this deere and deep rebuke, […]

      • [1611?], Homer, “Book I”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., The Iliads of Homer Prince of Poets. […], London: […] Nathaniell Butter, →OCLC; republished as The Iliads of Homer, Prince of Poets, […], new edition, volume I, London: Charles Knight and Co., […], 1843, →OCLC, page 35:

        For the chief, he in whom Pallas pour'd
        Her store of counsels, Ithacus, aboard went last, and then
        The moist ways of the sea they sail'd.

        The spelling has been modernized.

      • 1658, Thomas Browne, “Hydriotaphia, Urne-buriall. […]. Chapter I”, in Hydriotaphia, Urne-buriall, […] Together with The Garden of Cyrus, […], London: […] Hen[ry] Brome […], →OCLC, pages 5–6:

        Some being of the opinion of Thales, that water was the originall of all things, thought it most equall to ſubmit unto the principle of putrefaction, and conclude in a moiſt relentment.

   2. (also poetic) Bringing moisture or rain. [a. 14th – 18th c.]
      • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 57, page 407:

        And the moiſt daughters of huge Atlas ſtroue
        Into the Ocean deepe to driue their weary droue.

      • c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 236, column 1:

        Ere twice in murke and occidentall dampe
        Moiſt Heſperus hath quench'd her ſleepy Lampe: […]

      • 1713, [Alexander] Pope, Windsor-Forest. […], London: […] Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC, page 56:

        Nor yet, when moiſt Arcturus clouds the sky,
        The woods and fields their pleaſing toils deny.

使用する際の注意点

• Moist is mostly used for agreeable or neutral conditions (for example, “moist cake”) while damp is mainly used for disagreeable conditions (“damp clothes”).

派生語

関連する語

名詞

moist (uncountable)

1. (obsolete except US, regional) Moistness; also, moisture.
   • 1614–1615, Homer, “The Eighth Book of Homer’s Odysseys”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume I, London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC, page 171, lines 65–68:

     [T]hey launch'd the ship, the mast it bore
     Advanc'd, sails hoised, every seat his oar
     Gave with a leather thong. The deep moist then
     They further reach'd.

     The spelling has been modernized.

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book III”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 658 and 661–663:

     Th' Arch-Angel Uriel, one of the ſeav'n
     […]
     That run through all the Heav'ns, or down to th' Earth
     Bear his [God's] ſwift errands over moiſt and dry,
     O're Sea and Land: […]

派生語

• moistless (archaic)

語源 2

From 中期英語 moisten, moist, moiste (“to make moist or wet; to soak in liquid; to become moist or wet; to provide with moisture or water; to satisfy thirst with liquor or water, slake”) [and other forms], and then either:

• from Anglo-Norman muster (“to make moist or wet”), Middle French moistir, and Old French moistir (“to make moist or wet; to become moist or wet”) (compare enmoistir; modern French moitir), from Old French moiste, muste (“damp, moist, wet”) (see etymology 1) + -ir (suffix forming infinitives of second conjugation verbs); or
• from 中期英語 moist, moiste (adjective) (see etymology 1), though the adjective is first attested later.

動詞

moist (third-person singular simple present moists, present participle moisting, simple past and past participle moisted)

1. (transitive)
   1. (obsolete except British, regional and US) To make (something) moist or wet; to moisten.

      Synonyms: dampen, enmoisten, hydrate, wet

      Antonyms: dehydrate, desiccate, dry, (obsolete) exiccate, exsiccate, parch

      • 1566 January 30, Iohn Iewel [i.e. John Jewel], “M. [Thomas] Hardinge. The 21. Diuision.”, in A Replie unto M. Hardinges Ansvveare: […], London: […] Henry VVykes, →OCLC:

        He calleth for a ſponge (ſaith Theodoritus) and therevvith moiſteth and vvaſsheth Simeones mouthe, and then geueth him the holy Sacrament.

      • 1579, Plutarke of Chæronea [i.e., Plutarch], “The Life of Sertorius”, in Thomas North, transl., The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romaines, […], London: […] Richard Field, →OCLC, page 629:

        They [the legendary Fortunate Isles] haue raine there very ſeldom, howbeit a gentle winde commonly that bloweth in a litle ſiluer dew, which moiſteth the earth ſo finely, that it maketh it fertile and luſtie, not onely to bring forth all that is ſet or ſowen apon it but of it ſelfe without mans hand it beareth ſo good frute, as ſufficiently maintaineth the inhabitants dwelling apon it, liuing idlely, and taking no paines.

      • c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii], page 367, column 1:

        Now no more
        The iuyce of Egypts Grape ſhall moyſt this lip.

   2. (obsolete, figuratively) To inspire, to refresh (someone); also, to soften (one's heart).
2. (intransitive)
   1. (US) To rain lightly; to drizzle.
   2. (obsolete) To have an effect of moistening or wetting.
      • c. 1527–1542, Thomas Wyatt, “Auysing the bright bemes of these fayer Iyes”, in Egerton MS 2711‎, page 22r:

        Auyſing the bright bemes of theſe fayer Iyes
        where he is that myn oft moiſteth & waſſheth

        Avising the bright beams of these fair eyes,
        Where he is that mine oft moisteth and washeth; […]

      • 1553, “Of Mouyng Pitie”, in Thomas Wilson, transl., The Arte of Rhetorike, for the Use of All sutche as are Studious of Eloquence, […], London: […] Jhon Kyngston, published 1580, →OCLC, page 136:

        Againe, nothyng moiſteth ſoner then water. Therefore, a wepyng eye cauſeth muche moiſture, and prouoketh teares.

      • [1575], Thomas Paynell, transl., Regimen Sanitatis Salerni. […] [Governance of Hygiene of Salerno], London: […] Wyllyam How, for Abraham Veale, →OCLC, folio ciii, verso:

        There is other ſome yͭ [that] heateth temperately. And another yͭ cooleth temperatly, and if moiſtneſſe be ioyned therewith, it moiſteth, and with a drie thinge, it drieth.

      • 1885, Henry J[ames] Swallow, “Ralph de Nevill, First Earl of Westmoreland”, in De Nova Villa: Or, The House of Nevill in Sunshine and Shade, Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Andrew Reid, […]; London: Griffith, Farran, & Co., […], →OCLC, page 42:

        [S]prinkle a vessel of water, and it moisteth not, but cast it out wholly together, and it both washeth and nourisheth. This notable saying, before this time hath encourage Emperors, animated Kings, and allured Princes, to conquer realmes to them adjoining, to vanquish nations to their dominions adjacent, and to subdue people either necessary for their purpose, or being to them daily enemies and continual adversaries.

派生語

• moisted (adjective)
• moisting (adjective) (archaic, poetic)
• moisting (noun) (obsolete)

参照

アナグラム

• omits