Longとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音)
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /lɒŋ/
    • (Conservative RP) IPA: /lɔːŋ/
  • (Black Country) enPR: lo͝oŋg, IPA: /lʊŋɡ/
  • (Northumbria) IPA: /læŋ/
• (General American) enPR: lông, IPA: /lɔŋ/
• (cot–caught merger) enPR: läng, IPA: /lɑŋ/
• ハイフネーション: long
• 韻: -ɒŋ

語源 1

From 中期英語 long, lang, from 古期英語 long, lang (“long, tall, lasting”), from Proto-West Germanic *lang, from Proto-Germanic *langaz (“long”), from Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos (“long”).

The word shows the regular historical change of a to o before certain consonant clusters such as ng (compare with other examples in Middle and Modern English such as bond, song, throng, and wrong). The o-form may have also been reinforced by Old French long, from Latin longus, from the same Indo-European word. Doublet of lungo and lunge.

別の表記

• lang (Northumbria)

形容詞

long (comparative longer or more long, superlative longest or most long)

1. Having much distance in space from one end to the other.

   I need a long piece of wood.

   It’s a long way from the Earth to the Moon.

   How long was your newborn baby?

   1. Specifically, having much distance in a horizontal dimension (see also Usage Notes below).

      This table is long but not very high.

   2. Travelling a great distance.

      Smith hoofs a long ball up to Jones.

   3. (informal) Having a long penis.

      My ex was very strong but not very long.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

     We expressed our readiness, and in ten minutes were in the station wagon, rolling rapidly down the long drive, for it was then after nine. We passed on the way the van of the guests from Asquith.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 17, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

     The face which emerged was not reassuring. […]. He was not a mongol but there was a deficiency of a sort there, and it was not made more pretty by a latter-day hair cut which involved eccentrically long elf-locks and oiled black curls.

2. Travelling or extending too great a distance in space.
   1. (of weapons fire, landing aircraft, etc.) Passing or landing ahead of or beyond the intended target or location.

      The plane touched down long and overran the end of the runway.

      • 2021 March 10, Drachinifel, 28:10 from the start, in Guadalcanal Campaign - The Big Night Battle: Night 1 (IJN 3(?) : 2 USN)‎, archived from the original on 7 November 2022:

        Juneau was making good time with the other surviving U.S. Navy ships, despite her damage, when the I-26 spotted her and sent a salvo of Type 95 torpedoes in her direction. Passing between the Helena and San Francisco, some indication being they had actually been shot at the San Francisco and gone long because San Francisco was travelling significantly slower than expected, they nonetheless hit Juneau and detonated the ship’s magazine.

   2. (sports, of a ball or shot) Going beyond the intended target.

      That forehand was long. It landed two feet beyond the baseline.

      The pass was long and was gathered by the opposing goalkeeper.

3. Having great duration.

   His speech was long and dull.

   The pyramids of Egypt have been around for a long time.

   I took a long look at the house, knowing it was for the last time.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

     I had occasion […] to make a somewhat long business trip to Chicago, and on my return […] I found Farrar awaiting me in the railway station. He smiled his wonted fraction by way of greeting, […] , and finally leading me to his buggy, turned and drove out of town. I was completely mystified at such an unusual proceeding.

4. Seeming to last a lot of time, due to being boring, tedious, tiring, irksome, etc.

   It took us three long weeks to clear the stones from the field.

   It'll be a long journey home for the travelling supporters after that 5-0 defeat.

   • [1877], Anna Sewell, “A Strike for Liberty”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC, part II, page 109:

     What I suffered with that rein for four long months in my lady’s carriage, it would be hard to describe, but I am quite sure that, had it lasted much longer, either my health or my temper would have given way.

5. (UK, Ireland, dated) Not short; tall.
   • 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter I, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

     The colonel and his sponsor made a queer contrast: Greystone [the sponsor] long and stringy, with a face that seemed as if a cold wind was eternally playing on it.

   • 1940, Fred Godfrey, “Bless 'Em All”‎performed by George Formby:

     Bless ’em all, bless ’em all, the long, the short and the tall.

6. (finance) Possessing or owning stocks, bonds, commodities, or other financial instruments with the aim of benefiting from an expected rise in their value.

   Antonym: short

   I’m long in DuPont.

   I have a long position in DuPont.

7. (cricket) Of a fielding position, close to the boundary (or closer to the boundary than the equivalent short position).
8. (gambling) Of betting odds, offering a very large return for a small wager.
9. Occurring or coming after an extended interval; distant in time; far away.
   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IIII, Canto IIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, page 55:

     But Campbell thus did ſhut vp all in ieſt, / Braue Knights and Ladies, certes ye doe wrong / To ſtirre vp ſtrife, when moſt vs needeth reſt, / That we may vs reſerue both freſh and ſtrong, / Againſt the Turneiment which is not long.

10. (African-American Vernacular, MLE, slang, of money) In great supply; abundant.
    • 2011 December 18, “Ballin' Uncontrollably” (track 7), in King Mather's LP‎, performed by Eminem:

      I’m talkin’ ’bout… I’m talkin’ ’bout that long money.

    • 2012 November 8, “I'm Different” (track 6), in Based on a T.R.U. Story‎, performed by 2 Chainz:

      Me and broke niggas, we don’t get along (Nah). Hair long (Long), money long (Yeah).

    • 2013 June 12, “Shoulda Woulda” (track 16), in Project Baby‎, performed by Kodak Black:

      Never lie, money longer than Pinnochio.

    • 2013 October 7, “No Regrets” (track 7), in My Name Is My Name‎, performed by Pusha T:

      Rent-a-cars we road run, money longer than train smoke.

    • 2016 November 24, “Upgrade You”‎performed by Kash Doll:

      Money so long, it’s offensive.

    • 2017, “Uber Everywhere Freestyle 2”‎performed by Cadet (rapper):

      Don't get it twisted, I love my fans. Everything about them keeps me strong. They're the reason why my money be long. Trust me bro, my money be long.

    • 2021 September 24, “Hell on Earth, Pt. 2”, in Hitler Wears Hermes 8: Side B‎, performed by Westside Gunn:

      I got some rope in the trunk, tape and one shovel
      Long money, talkin’ billions, nigga, and I want several

11. (slang, MLE) Clipping of taking a long time.

    Synonyms: boring, late, slow, time-consuming

    • 2017, “Uber Everywhere Freestyle 2”‎performed by Cadet (rapper):

      "Cadet, Cadet!" Not every day, fam. Can't you see why it's long? I just wanna get my creps and be gone.

    • 2022 March 18, Ronan Bennett, Gerry Jackson, Tyrone Rashard, Sagirah Gammon, 00:35:44 from the start, in Brady Hood, director, Top Boy (Good Morals) (4), episode 1 (TV), spoken by unnamed boy, girl called B:

      BOY: B, this is long for man, you know.
      B: Keep complaining.
      BOY: Fucking gemming it with these things (he continues collecting empty drinks cans).

    • 2023 January 15, Layton Williams, 12:51 from the start, in Freddy Syborn, director, Bad Education (Prison) (4), episode 3 (TV), spoken by Inchez (Anthony J. Abraham):

      INCHEZ: Man this is long! We’ve been in here for time!

12. (slang, MLE, by extension) stupid; annoying; bullshit
    • 2015 September 18, “Brand New” (track 6), in Don't Panic‎, performed by Smoke Boys:

      [Verse 1: Sleeks]: Keep thinking about Ps that I need but it’s long. All these things that I've done in the streets got me on my knees trying to reason with God. B-B beefin’ is long but I might still greeze up a Don.

    • 2017 December 17, Guz Khan, Andy Milligan, “Upper Room” (00:38 from the start), in Ollie Parsons, director, Man Like Mobeen (1), episode 3 (TV), spoken by Mobeen Deen (Guz Khan):

      MOBEEN: I do love nature when it’s on television and David Attenborough’s presenting. I hate nature in real life! Smells like shite around here! Plants and (he waves a fly away) …plants and that. It’s so long!

    • 2022 March 18, Ronan Bennett, Gerry Jackson, Tyrone Rashard, Sagirah Gammon, 00:15:46 from the start, in Brady Hood, director, Top Boy (Good Morals) (4), episode 1 (TV), spoken by Dushane (Ashley Walters):

      DUSHANE: I’m stepping back from the roads now. All of that shit is long! And by next year, I want to be completely legit, then it’s just me, you and Tish.

    • 2023 February 18, Simba-xiv, “Most Guys Know That They're Friends Aren't Shit With Women”, in Reddit (subreddit: BlackPeopleTwitter)‎:

      Nah fuck that I don't like mixing my circles like that. Plus if some shit goes bad I gotta be in the middle it's all long

13. (slang, MLE, by extension) serious; deadly.

    Synonyms: the end, curtains

    • 2022 March 18, Ronan Bennett, Gerry Jackson, Tyrone Rashard, 32:20 from the start, in William Stefan Smith, director, Top Boy (Prove Yourself) (4), episode 8 (TV), spoken by Jamie (Micheal Ward):

      JAMIE: Yo, if I see you man round here again, it is long for you!

14. (Canada, US, of paper or document layouts) Measuring 8½ in × 13 in.
15. (Philippines, of paper or document layouts) Measuring 8½ in × 14 in.

使用する際の注意点

• Wide may be used instead of long when referring to a left-to-right horizontal dimension, or to a horizontal dimension shorter than that described as long (for example, a river that is wide and long). Deep may be used for a horizontal front-to-back dimension.
• Tall or high are usually used instead of long when referring to positive vertical dimension (upwards), and deep when referring to negative vertical dimension (downwards).

同意語

• (having much distance from one point to another): deep (vertically downwards), extended, high (vertically upwards), lengthy, tall
• (having great duration): extended, lengthy, prolonged

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “having much distance from one point to another”): low (vertically upwards), shallow (vertically upwards or downwards), short
• (antonym(s) of “having great duration”): brief, short

下位語

派生語

参考

• broad
• wide

名詞

long (plural longs)

1. (linguistics) A long vowel.
   • 1877, Henry Sweet, A Handbook of Phonetics, volume 2, page 60:

     In French most vowels are half-long, and are only occasionally lengthened or shortened into full longs and shorts.

2. (prosody) A long syllable.
3. (music) A note formerly used in music, one half the length of a large, twice that of a breve.
4. (programming) A long integer variable, twice the size of an int, two or four times the size of a short, and half of a long long.

   A long is typically 64 bits in a 32-bit environment.

5. (finance) An entity with a long position in an asset; for example, a trader or investor possessing an amount of a company's shares.

   Synonym: bull

   Every uptick made the longs cheer.

6. (finance) A long-maturity security, such as a ten- or twenty-year bond.
   • 1977, Jerome B. Cohen, Edward D. Zinbarg, Arthur Zeikel, Guide to Intelligent Investing, →OCLC, page 203:

     Likewise, if borrowers prefer to sell short-maturity issues at the time lenders prefer to invest in longs, as is the case when interest rates are expected to fall, longer maturity issues will tend to yield less than shorter maturity issues.

   • "U.S. Treasury Market Structure", https://www.mfaalts.org/issue/u-s-treasury-market-structure/

     Hedge funds are constrained in how much leverage they can utilize, in part because the futures contracts they are shorting against their Treasury longs have significant initial margin requirements.

7. (Oxbridge, dated) Clipping of long vacation (“summer vacation”).
   • 1863, Charles Reade, Hard Cash:

     “ […] Did I not forbid all these nicknames and all this Oxfordish, by proclamation, last Long.”
     “Last Long?”
     “Hem! last protracted vacation.”

動詞

long (third-person singular simple present longs, present participle longing, simple past and past participle longed)

1. (transitive, finance) To take a long position in.
   • 2004, Thomas S. Y. Ho with Sang Bin Lee and Sang-bin Yi, The Oxford Guide to Financial Modeling, page 84:

     The left panel shows the profile of a portfolio consisting of longing a call and shorting a put.

語源 2

From 中期英語 longe, lange, from 古期英語 longe, lange, from the adjective (see above).

副詞

long (comparative longer, superlative longest)

1. (chiefly sports) Over a great distance in space.

   Synonyms: a long way, far

   Antonym: a short distance

   Every golfer wants to hit the ball long and straight.

   1. Over too great a distance, beyond the target.

      She hit her return long and lost the point.

2. For a particular duration (specified by additional qualifying words accompanying it).

   How long is it until the next bus arrives?

   She has known us as long as you.

   I’ve waited long enough.

   He slept all day long.

   The meeting has already gone on much too long.

   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii], page 156, column 1:

     I ſtay too long ; but here my Father comes : / A double bleſſing is a double grace; / Occaſion ſmiles vpon a ſecond leaue.

   • 1991, James Melvin Washington, editor, A testament of hope: the essential writings and speeches of Martin Luther King, page 636:

     I answer by saying that I have worked too long and hard now against segregated public accommodations to end up segregating my moral concern.

3. (placed before a verb, participle, adjective, preposition, or adverb) For a long time.

   Paris has long been considered one of the most cultured cities in the world.

   By eight o’clock, the food will be long gone.

   I seldom stay long after class, but yesterday I spent the evening and long into the night.

   • 1863 November 19, Abraham Lincoln, Dedicatory Remarks (Gettysburg Address)‎, near Soldiers' National Cemetery, →LCCN, Bliss copy, page 2:

     The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.

   • 1922, Michael Arlen, “Ep./4/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:

     The world was awake to the 2nd of May, but Mayfair is not the world, and even the menials of Mayfair lie long abed.

   • 2013 May-June, David Van Tassel, Lee DeHaan, “Wild Plants to the Rescue”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:

     Plant breeding is always a numbers game. […] The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation, […]. In addition, we are looking for rare alleles, so the more plants we try, the better. These rarities may be new mutations, or they can be existing ones that are neutral—or are even selected against—in a wild population. A good example is mutations that disrupt seed dispersal, leaving the seeds on the heads long after they are ripe.

   • 2013 July 20, “Out of the gloom”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

     [Rural solar plant] schemes are of little help to industry or other heavy users of electricity. Nor is solar power yet as cheap as the grid. For all that, the rapid arrival of electric light to Indian villages is long overdue. When the national grid suffers its next huge outage, as it did in July 2012 when hundreds of millions were left in the dark, look for specks of light in the villages.

4. (placed by itself after a positive verb, rare) For a long time.
   • 1925, Langston Hughes, “An Earth Song”, in Alain LeRoy Locke, editor, The New Negro: An Interpretation, New York: Albert and Charles Boni, page 142:

     It’s an earth song,—
     And I’ve been waiting long for an earth song.
     It’s a spring song,—
     And I’ve been waiting long for a spring song. […]
     I have been waiting long for this spring song.

5. A long time (see usage notes).

   Antonyms: an instant, a minute, a moment, a second, a short time, not long

   Will this interview take long?

   I haven’t got long to live.

   They are in a hurry; they can’t wait for too long.

   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 17, page 512:

     My liefe (ſayd ſhe) ye know, that long ygo, / Whileſt ye in durance dwelt, ye to me gaue / A little mayde, the which ye chylded tho ; / The ſame againe if now ye liſt to haue, / The ſame is yonder Lady, whom high God did ſaue.

   • 2021 August 19, “Drake”‎performed by Most Certi:

     [Verse 1]: […] Be there in five, man’s taking long. Are you still there? No fam, I’m already gone.