ILLとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Contraction of I will/shall.

発音

• (英国発音, General American) IPA: /aɪ̯l/, /ɑːl/
• (unstressed form) IPA: /əl/, /ʌl/
• 異形同音異義語: aisle, isle
• 異形同音異義語: all, awl
• 韻: -aɪl
• 韻: -aɪəl

短縮形

I'll

1. I will.
2. I shall.
   • 1922 October, T[homas] S[tearns] Eliot, “Part V. What the Thunder Said.”, in The Waste Land, 1st book edition, New York, N.Y.: Boni and Liveright, published December 1922, →OCLC, page 49, lines 430–431:

     These fragments I have shored against my ruins / Why then Ile fit you.

同意語

• chill, ch'ill

派生語

• I'll be a monkey's uncle
• I'll be blowed

アナグラム

• li'l', lil', li'l, Lil, lil

語源

From 中期英語 ille (“evil; wicked”), from Old Norse illr (adjective), illa (adverb), ilt (noun), from Proto-Germanic *ilhilaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁elḱ- (whence Latin ulcus (“sore”), Ancient Greek ἕλκος (hélkos, “wound, ulcer”), Sanskrit अर्शस् (árśas, “hemorrhoids”)).

発音

• IPA: /ɪl/
• 韻: -ɪl

形容詞

ill (comparative iller or more ill, superlative illest or most ill)

1. (obsolete) Evil; wicked (of people). [13th–19th c.]
   • 1709 December 6, Francis Atterbury, A Sermon Preached before the Sons of the Clergy, at their Anniversary-Meeting, in the Church of St. Paul:

     St. Paul chose to magnify his office when ill men conspired to lessen it.

   • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

     A man who is conscious of having an ill character, cannot justly be angry with those who neglect and slight him.

2. (archaic) Morally reprehensible (of behaviour etc.); blameworthy. [from 13th c.]
   • 1999, George R.R. Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam, published 2011, page 2:

     ‘Go bring her. It is ill to keep a lady waiting.’

3. Indicative of unkind or malevolent intentions; harsh, cruel. [from 14th c.]

   He suffered from ill treatment.

4. Unpropitious, unkind, faulty, not up to reasonable standard.

   ill manners; ill will

   • 1959, Georgette Heyer, chapter 1, in The Unknown Ajax:

     […] his lordship was out of humour. That was the way Chollacombe described as knaggy an old gager as ever Charles had had the ill-fortune to serve. Stiff-rumped, that's what he was, always rubbing the rust, or riding grub, like he had been for months past.

5. Unwell in terms of health or physical condition; sick. [from 15th c.]

   mentally ill people

   I've been ill with the flu for the past few days.

   • 2021 August 14, Christina Maxouris, “‘Bursting at the seams’: Full ICUs are creating a dangerous ER backlog and forcing hospitals to cancel surgeries”, in CNN‎:

     “We desperately needed the nursing support because our ICUs are so inundated with critically ill Covid patients,” Brown said.

6. Nauseated; having an urge to vomit. [from 20th c.]

   Seeing those pictures made me ill.

7. (slang, chiefly hip-hop) Sublime, with the connotation of being so in a singularly creative way.

   This is the illest beat I've ever heard.

   • 1994, Biggie Smalls, “The What”:

     Biggie Smalls is the illest / Your style is played out, like Arnold wonderin "Whatchu talkin bout, Willis?"

8. (slang) Extremely bad (bad enough to make one ill). Generally used indirectly with to be.

   That band was ill.

9. (dated) Unwise; not a good idea.
   • 1672, George Swinnock, The Incomparableness of God:

     Oh that when the devil and flesh entice the sinner to sport with and make a mock of sin, Prov. x. 23, he would but consider, it is ill jesting with edged tools, it is ill jesting with unquenchable burnings; […]

   • 1914, Indian Ink, volume 1, page 32:

     They arrested everybody—and it is ill to resist a drunken Tommy with a loaded rifle!

10. (Appalachia) Bad-tempered.

使用する際の注意点

• The comparative iller and superlative illest are not commonly used outside of the slang sense sublime; instead, other terms such as worse and worst are frequently substituted instead.

同意語

• (suffering from a disease): diseased, poorly (UK), sick, under the weather (informal), unwell, ailing
• (having an urge to vomit): disgusted, nauseated, nauseous, sick, sickened
• (bad): bad, mal-
• (in hip-hop slang: sublime): dope
• See also Thesaurus:diseased

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “suffering from a disease”): fine, hale, healthy, in good health, well
• (antonym(s) of “bad”): good
• (antonym(s) of “in hip-hop slang: sublime”): wack

派生語

参照

副詞

ill (comparative worse or more ill, superlative worst or most ill)

1. Not well; imperfectly, badly

   Such jealousy ill becomes her; she can ill afford another gaffe like that.

   • 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “A Proposal of Marriage”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 126:

     He would have conversed as usual; but his attempts were so ill seconded, that he was fain to take refuge in the letters that lay beside him.

   • 1859 December 13, Charles Dickens [et al.], “(please specify the name of the story)”, in Charles Dickens, editor, The Haunted House. The Extra Christmas Number of All the Year Round […], volume II, London: […] C[harles] Whiting, […], →OCLC:

     Within, I found it, as I had expected, transcendently dismal. The slowly changing shadows waved on it from the heavy trees, were doleful in the last degree; the house was ill-placed, ill-built, ill-planned, and ill-fitted.

   • 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 3:

     In both groups, however, we find copious and intricate speciation so that, often, species limits are narrow and ill defined.

   • 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London: Abacus, published 2010, page 541:

     His inflexibility and blindness ill become a leader, for a leader must temper justice with mercy.

   • 2006, Julia Borossa (translator), Monique Canto-Sperber (quoted author), in Libération, 2002 February 2, quoted in Élisabeth Badinter (quoting author), Dead End Feminism, Polity, →ISBN, page 40:

     Is it because this supposes an undifferentiated violence towards others and oneself that I could ill imagine in a woman?

同意語

• illy

反意語

• well

派生語

名詞

ill (countable and uncountable, plural ills)

1. (often pluralized) Trouble; distress; misfortune; adversity.

   Music won't solve all the world's ills, but it can make them easier to bear.

   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

     That makes us rather bear those ills we have / Than fly to others that we know not of.

   • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter IV, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

     Then he commenced to talk, really talk. and inside of two flaps of a herring's fin he had me mesmerized, like Eben Holt's boy at the town hall show. He talked about the ills of humanity, and the glories of health and Nature and service and land knows what all.

2. Harm or injury.

   I wouldn't want you to do me ill.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Romans 13:10:

     Loue worketh no ill to his neighbour, therefore loue is the fulfilling of the Law.

3. Evil; moral wrongfulness.
   • 1675, John Dryden, Aureng-zebe: A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1676, →OCLC, (please specify the page number):

     Strong virtue, like strong nature, struggles still, / Exerts itself, and then throws off the ill.

4. A physical ailment; an illness.

   I am incapacitated by rheumatism and other ills.

5. (US, slang, uncountable) PCP, phencyclidine.

派生語

動詞

ill (third-person singular simple present ills, present participle illing, simple past and past participle illed)

1. (intransitive, slang, dated) To behave aggressively.
   • 1985, Ralph Farquhar, Krush Groove:

     D.M.C.: You been illin' lately.
     Run: So, I'm illin'. Am I illin'? Chillin'! You know what I'm sayin'? Chillin'.

参照

• Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., 1989.
• Random House Webster's Unabridged Electronic Dictionary, 1987-1996.

Further reading

• “ill”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• “ill v.”, in Green’s Dictionary of Slang, Jonathon Green, 2016–present

アナグラム

• li'l', lil', li'l, Lil, lil