Hokkienとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• Hokkian, Hok Kian, Hok-kian
• Hokien, Hukkien, Hokyen (proscribed)
• Hok-kien, Hok-Kien (archaic)
• Hokkeen, Hok-keen, Hokkeën, Hokkëèn (obsolete)

語源

Borrowed from Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”). Doublet of Fukien and Fujian.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, Singapore) IPA: /ˈhɒkiɛn/
• (Philippines) IPA: /ˈhok.kjɛn/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈhɑkiˌɛn/, /ˈhoʊkiˌɛn/

固有名詞

Hokkien

1. (chiefly Southeast Asia) A linguistic subgroup of the Southern Min (Min Nan) branch, of the Min branch, of the Sinitic (Chinese) branch, of the Sino-Tibetan language family which is mainly spoken in the south-eastern part of mainland China (Fujian province), Taiwan, and people of Hoklo descent elsewhere in the world, like in Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Southern Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Southern Vietnam, etc.
   • 2011, Shelley Rigger, Why Taiwan Matters: Small Island, Global Powerhouse, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, →ISBN, page 28:

     Almost 90 percent of Taiwan's 6 million occupants at the end of World War II spoke Hokkien.

   • 2020, Tsung-lun Alan Wan, “Language Revitalization and Perceived Language Shift: A Case of Kinmenese Hokkien”, in Jens Damm, Hauke Neddermann, editors, Intercultural Dialogue across Borders: China between Tradition and Modernity‎, Zürich: LIT Verlag, →ISBN, page 106:

     Because Hokkien is the most widely spoken local language (after Mandarin) in both Taiwan and Kinmen, this national language policy – when implemented in Kinmen – resulted in a different perceived language policy.

   • 2022 June 22, Zoe Yu, “Endangered Languages Are Worth Saving”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 22 June 2022, Student Editorial Contest Winner‎:

     Under colonial rule, learning or speaking my grandma’s native Hokkien, along with dozens of indigenous languages, was illegal by law.

   • 2023 July 2, Ben Blanchard, “Taiwan celebrates linguistic diversity at annual music awards”, in William Mallard, editor, Reuters‎, archived from the original on 3 July 2023, Asia Pacific‎:

     The awards celebrate not only Mandopop but also artists singing in Taiwanese - also known as Hokkien - Hakka and indigenous languages, a visible sign of the government's efforts to promote tongues other than Mandarin.

   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:Hokkien.
   1. (chiefly Taiwan) the varieties of Hokkien spoken in mainland China, usually as opposed to Taiwanese Taigi spoken in Taiwan.
2. (chiefly Southeast Asia) A group of Han Chinese people whose traditional ancestral homes are in southern Fujian, South China, especially those that ancestrally spoke the Hokkien language.
3. (dated) Any person from Fujian.

同意語

• Hoklo, Fukien, Fukienese, Fujianese

上位語

• Southern Min, Min Nan, Minnan, Minnanese
• Quanzhou–Zhangzhou, Chinchew–Changchew

下位語

• Quanzhou dialect, Chinchew
• Taiwanese
• Xiamen dialect, Amoy, Xiamenese
• Zhangzhou dialect, Chiangchew

関連する語

• Fujian

参考

• Other branches of Southern Min (limited mutual intelligibility): Teochew (Chaoshan Division); Zhenan Min Division; Zhongshan Min Division; Qiongwen Division; Leizhou Min Division; Longyan Min Division

形容詞

Hokkien (not comparable)

1. Of or relating to the Fujianese people.
2. (chiefly Southeast Asia) Of or relating to the Hokkien language and its dialects or variants.
3. (dated) Of or relating to the province of Fujian in China.

派生語

参照

Further reading

• Ethnologue entry for Hokkien, nan ⁠