Glutとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 glotien, from Old French gloter, glotir (compare French engloutir (“to devour”), glouton (“glutton”)), from Latin gluttiō, gluttīre (“I swallow”). Akin to Russian глотать (glotatʹ, “to swallow”).

発音

• IPA: /ɡlʌt/
• (Northern England) IPA: /ɡlʊt/
• 韻: -ʌt

名詞

glut (plural gluts)

1. An excess, too much.

   Synonyms: excess, overabundance, plethora, slew, surfeit, surplus

   Antonyms: lack, shortage

   a glut of the market

   • 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XI, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

     A glut of those talents which raise men to eminence.

   • 2011 February 12, Les Roopanarine, “Birmingham 1 – 0 Stoke”, in BBC Sport‎:

     Indeed, it was clear from the outset that anyone hoping for a repeat of last weekend's Premier League goal glut would have to look beyond St Andrew's.

   • 2020 April 23, Aarian Marshall, “Why Farmers Are Dumping Milk, Even as People Go Hungry”, in Wired‎:

     “The glut is getting bigger every day, and now you’re starting to have to compete more on price,” says Jim Mikesell, Dog Star’s CEO. The company is looking into other uses for its crop.

   • 2024 March 20, Ben Jones, “Suppliers' uncertain wait for new trains”, in RAIL, number 1005, page 36:

     As the glut of new orders placed in the optimistic pre-pandemic years (worth billions of pounds) reaches its conclusion, production lines in Newton Aycliffe, Derby and Newport face a potentially barren future - as well as job losses that will be devastating for their communities and supply chains.

2. That which is swallowed.
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 588–589:

     And all their entrails tore, disgorging foul / Their devilish glut, […]

3. Something that fills up an opening.

   Synonym: clog

4. A wooden wedge used in splitting blocks.
   • 2013, Nicholas R. Bell, A Measure of the Earth, page 39:

     The white oak is laid on the ground, then rived down the middle using first an axe to create the split in the end grain, then a maul to hammer "gluts" — iron or wooden wedges — down the log's length to split it apart.

5. (mining) A piece of wood used to fill up behind cribbing or tubbing.
6. (bricklaying) A bat, or small piece of brick, used to fill out a course.
7. (architecture) An arched opening to the ashpit of a kiln.
8. A block used for a fulcrum.
9. The broad-nosed eel (Anguilla anguilla, syn. Anguilla latirostris), found in Europe, Asia, the West Indies, etc.
10. (British, soccer) Five goals scored by one player in a game.
    • 2020 October 23, “What is a brace in soccer?”, in Goal‎:

      Four goals scored by a single player in a match can be described as a 'haul', while five goals is unofficially a 'glut'.

派生語

関連する語

• glutton
• gluttony

動詞

glut (third-person singular simple present gluts, present participle glutting, simple past and past participle glutted)

1. (transitive) To fill to capacity; to satisfy all demand or requirement; to sate.

   to glut one's appetite

   • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene iii:

     Come Kings and Baſſoes, let vs glut our ſwords
     That thirſt to drinke the feeble Perſeans blood.

   • 1852 January – 1853 April, Charles Kingsley, Jun., “Preface”, in Hypatia: Or, New Foes with an Old Face. […], volume I, London: John W[illiam] Parker and Son, […], published 1853, →OCLC, page ix:

     [T]he realms of nature and of art were ransacked to glut the wonder, lust, and ferocity of a degraded populace.

2. (transitive, economics) To provide (a market) with so much of a product that the supply greatly exceeds the demand.
3. (intransitive) To eat gluttonously or to satiety.
   • 1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Part II”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 42:

     And then we stroll'd / From room to room: in each we sat, we heard / The grave Professor. [...] / Till like three horses that have broken fence, / And glutted all night long breast-deep in corn, / We issued gorged with knowledge, [...]

派生語

参照