Gladiusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Latin gladius (“Roman short sword, gladius”). Doublet of glaive.

発音

• IPA: /ˈɡlæd.i.əs/

名詞

gladius (plural gladiuses or gladii)

1. (historical) A Roman sword roughly two feet long.
   • 1882, “The Genesis of the Sword”, in Popular Science Monthly, volume 21, page 81:

     Finally, the Romans made the gladius—sharp, of highly-tempered steel, and strongly piercing—the first real sword (Figs. 17, 18, 19), of which only five specimens are now known to exist.

   • 2007, Pat Southern, The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History, page 212:

     The gladius was effective either for cutting or for thrusting and was used by legionaries and auxiliaries.

2. (zoology) A pen, a hard internal bodypart of certain cephalopods, made of chitin-like material.
   • 2017 October 31, Mark Carnall, The Guardian‎:

     From the Cretaceous of North America fossilised gladii in the enigmatic genus Tusoteuthis have been estimated to give a mantle length (body size) of 1.8m, just less than that of the giant squid’s.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɡɫa.di.ʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈɡlaː.d̪i.us]

名詞

gladius m (genitive gladiī or gladī); second declension

1. sword

   Synonyms: ēnsis, mucrō, spatha

   Mitte gladium in vaginam. ― Put the sword into its sheath.

   in gladium incumbere ― to fall on one's sword

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.101:

     quid tibi cum gladiō?

     What are you doing with a sword?

2. (figuratively) murder, death

   Synonym: mors

3. a gladiatorial contest
4. swordfish

   Synonym: xiphiās

語形変化

Second-declension noun.

Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

派生語

派生した語

参照

• “gladius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “gladius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "gladius", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• gladius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a sword hangs over his neck: gladius cervicibus impendet
    
  • to use javelins at a distance, swords at close quarters: eminus hastis, comminus gladiis uti
    
  • to draw one's sword (from the scabbard): gladium educere (e vagīna)
    
  • to sheath one's sword: gladium in vaginam recondere
    
  • to draw one's sword: gladium stringere, destringere
    
  • to plunge one's sword in some one's breast: gladium alicui in pectus infigere
    
  • to transfix, pierce a man's breast with one's sword: gladio aliquem per pectus transfigere (Liv. 2. 46)
    
  • to fight with swords at close quarters: gladio comminus (opp. eminus) rem gerere
    
  • to throw down the javelins (pila) and fight with the sword: omissis pilis gladiis rem gerere
    
  • swords must now decide the day: res ad gladios vēnit
    
  • swords must now decide the day: res gladiis geri coepta est
    
  • to throw oneself on the enemy with drawn sword: strictis gladiis in hostem ferri
    
• “gladius”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “gladius”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “gladius”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 4: G H I, page 144