Folkloreとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• folk-lore

語源

From folk +‎ lore, coined by British writer William Thoms in 1846 to replace terms such as "popular antiquities". Thoms imitated German terms such as Volklehre (“people's customs”) and Volksüberlieferung (“popular tradition”). Compare also 古期英語 folclar (“popular instruction; homily”) and West Frisian folkloare (“folklore”).

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈfəʊk.lɔː/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈfoʊk.lɔːɹ/

名詞

folklore (countable and uncountable, plural folklores)

1. The tales, legends, superstitions, and traditions of a particular ethnic population.
   • 1903 April 18, W[illiam] E[dward] Burghardt Du Bois, “Of Our Spiritual Strivings”, in The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg & Co., →OCLC, pages 11–12:

     [T]here is no true American music but the wild sweet melodies of the Negro slave; the American fairy tales and folk-lore are Indian and African; and, all in all, we black men seem the sole oasis of simple faith and reverence in a dusty desert of dollars and smartness.

   • 1908–1910, E[dward] M[organ] Forster, chapter 33, in Howards End, New York, N.Y.; London: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons […], published 1910, →OCLC:

     Why has not England a great mythology? Our folklore has never advanced beyond daintiness, and the greater melodies about our country-side have all issued through the pipes of Greece.

   • 1913, Booth Tarkington, The Flirt, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, →OCLC:

     “Lisieux is a little town in Normandy,” she said. “I was there a few days with your father, one summer, long ago. It’s a country full of old stories, folklore, and traditions; and the people still believe in the Old Scratch pretty literally. […] ”

   • 1921, Edgar Rice Burroughs, chapter 5, in Tarzan the Terrible‎, A. C. McClurg:

     Crossing the ridge she stood at last upon the brink of Kor-ul-GRYF—the horror place of the folklore of her race.

2. (by extension) The tales, superstitions etc. of any particular group or community.
   • 1996, Eric S. Raymond, The New Hacker's Dictionary, 3rd edition, MIT Press, →ISBN, page 3:

     A selection of longer items of hacker folklore and humor is included in Appendix A, Hacker Folklore.

   • 2021 May, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 0 – 1 Leicester”, in BBC Sport‎:

     Foxes boss Rodgers had a smile that illuminated Wembley as he joined Leicester's players in joyous scenes of celebration after the manager and his players had written their name into the club's folklore.

3. (mathematics, slang) The collective of proofs or techniques which are widely known among mathematicians, but have never been formally published.

派生語

派生した語

参考

• folk
• lore
• myth
• oral tradition
• intangible cultural heritage