Exhaustとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Latin exhaustus, past participle of exhaurīre (“to draw out, drink up, empty, exhaust”), from ex (“out”) + haurīre (“to draw (especially water), drain”).

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ɪɡˈzɔːst/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ɪɡˈzɔst/
• (cot–caught merger) IPA: /ɪɡˈzɑst/
• 韻: -ɔːst

動詞

exhaust (third-person singular simple present exhausts, present participle exhausting, simple past and past participle exhausted)

1. (transitive) To draw or let out wholly; to drain completely.

   The water was exhausted out of the well.

   Moisture of the earth is exhausted by evaporation.

2. (transitive) To empty by drawing or letting out the contents.

   to exhaust a well

   to exhaust a treasury

   • 1922, Municipal Engineering and the Sanitary Record, page 68:

     It takes approximately 8 to 9 minutes to exhaust the tank of air and fill it with water.

3. (transitive, literally, figuratively) To use up; to deplete, drain or expend wholly, or use until the supply comes to an end.

   My grandfather seemingly never exhausts his supply of bad jokes.

   to exhaust one's resources

   to exhaust all possibilities

   You're exhausting my patience.

   I exhausted my strength walking up the hill.

4. (transitive) To tire out; to wear out; to cause to be without any energy.

   The marathon exhausted me.

   • 1960 March, H. P. White, “The Hawkhurst branch of the Southern Region”, in Trains Illustrated, page 170:

     It is a branch that climbs for 11½ miles into the picturesque Wealden hills until, apparently exhausted by the effort, it terminates a mile short of the village of Hawkhurst.

5. (transitive) To discuss thoroughly or completely.

   That subject has already been exhausted.

6. (transitive, chemistry) To subject to the action of various solvents in order to remove all soluble substances or extractives.

   to exhaust a drug successively with water, alcohol, and ether

7. (transitive) To expel (as exhaust).
   • 2013 November 18, Michael Phiri, Bing Chen, Sustainability and Evidence-Based Design in the Healthcare Estate, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 141:

     Infections can be reduced further if outside air is exhausted after a single use, rather than re-circulated.

   • 2023 May 8, Tom Scott, The world's cleanest railway‎:

     They [the doors between two clean rooms] get connected, and then high-pressure air blasts out anything in between: all the outside atmosphere is exhausted by fresh, clean air.

8. (intransitive) To discharge or escape (as exhaust).
   • 1910, Walter Mason Camp, The Railway and Engineering Review, page 609:

     Steam from both high pressure cylinders exhausts through the respective receiver pipes into cylinders.

   • 2022 July 13, Alan Darbyshire, Charles Gibson, Mechanical Engineering, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, page 16:

     Figure 7.13e shows a 4/2 valve that normally has the pressure applied to output 4 while output 3 exhausts through the exhaust port. When activated, the pressure switches to output 3 while output 4 exhausts through the exhaust port.

同意語

• spend, consume
• tire out, weary, tucker
• See also Thesaurus:fatigue

関連する語

名詞

exhaust (plural exhausts)

1. A system consisting of the parts of an engine through which burned gases or steam are discharged; see also exhaust system.
2. The steam let out of a cylinder after it has done its work there.
   • 1960 October, P. Ransome-Wallis, “Modern motive power of the German Federal Railway: Part Two”, in Trains Illustrated, page 611:

     A lovely crisp exhaust: a feeling of almost unlimited power combined with complete freedom of running: and, to crown it all, a most melodious and wholly American chime whistle—these were my immediate impressions as we stormed rapidly out of Göttingen, intent on winning back some of the lost time.

   • 1962 June, Cecil J. Allen, “Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Modern Railways, page 399:

     Travellers over the London & North Western main line in bygone days will need no reminder of the pattering of cinders on the carriage roofs, the fountains of sparks from the chimneys at night and the distance from which the exhaust of approaching locomotives could be heard, due to the fierceness of their blast in such conditions.

3. The dirty air let out of a room through a register or pipe provided for the purpose.
   • 2006, Edwin Black, chapter 1, in Internal Combustion‎:

     If successful, Edison and Ford—in 1914—would move society away from the […] hazards of gasoline cars: air and water pollution, noise and noxiousness, constant coughing and the undeniable rise in cancers caused by smoke exhaust particulates.

4. An exhaust pipe, especially on a motor vehicle.
5. Exhaust gas.

派生語

派生した語

• → Gulf Arabic: اقزوز (igzōz)
• → Hebrew: אֶגְזוֹז (egzóz)
• → Persian: اگزوز
• → Turkish: egzoz

形容詞

exhaust (not comparable)

1. (obsolete) Exhausted; used up.

Further reading

• “exhaust”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “exhaust”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “exhaust”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.