Disabilityとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Circa 1570 disable +‎ -ity.

発音

• IPA: /dɪsəˈbɪlɪti/

名詞

disability (countable and uncountable, plural disabilities)

1. (countable, medical model of disability) A condition characterised by a significant limitation in a person's physical or intellectual powers or ability.

   Synonym: (dated) handicap

   people with disabilities

   • 1834–1874, George Bancroft, History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent, volume (please specify |volume=I to X), Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company [et al.], →OCLC:

     Chatham refused to see him, pleading his disability. The King himself intervened by a letter […] Chatham yielded to such persuasion; though suffering from a universal tremor.

2. (uncountable) The state of having such a condition; the state of being disabled.

   Synonyms: disabledness, (in certain contexts) incapacity

   Antonyms: ability, able-bodiedness

   • 1992, Joan C. Cornoni-Huntley et al., “Epidemiology of disability in the oldest old”, in The Oldest Old, page 278:

     While physical and sensory disability is usually identified by asking a subject what he or she can or cannot do (with or without assistance), cognitive disability is assessed with a test such as a mental status questionnaire (MSQ).

3. (countable, social model of disability) A limitation in function (the things that a person can do or achieve) that is driven by any combination of their impairments (the medical facts about them) and the imperfect state of society's inaccessibility that sometimes fails to accommodate their needs.

   Synonym: handicap (dated)

   Coordinate terms: inaccessibility; impairment

4. (countable, obsolete) An inability.

   Synonym: impotence

   • 1643, J[ohn] M[ilton], The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce: […], London: […] T[homas] P[aine] and M[atthew] S[immons] […], →OCLC:

     Grossest faults, or disabilities to perform what was covenanted.

5. (countable, law) A lack of legal qualification to do something; legal incapacity or incompetency.

   Synonym: disqualification

   Antonyms: capacity, competency, qualification

6. (uncountable, informal) Regular payments received by a disabled person, usually from the state.

   Synonym: disability benefits

   I had to go on disability after the accident.

   Did you get your disability this month?

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

• Tok Pisin: disabiliti