Diasporaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Ancient Greek διασπορᾱ́ (diasporā́, “dispersion”), from διασπείρω (diaspeírō, “to scatter”), from δια- (dia-, prefix indicating motion across or in all directions) + σπείρω (speírō, “to sow”).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /daɪˈæs.pə.ɹə/, /daɪˈæs.pɹə/
• (General American) IPA: /daɪˈæs.pɚ.ə/, /daɪˈæs.pɹə/, /diˈæs.pɚ.ə/, /diˈæs.pɹə/
• (Indic) IPA: /dajəs.porɑ/, /dajˈaspɵrɑ/
• ハイフネーション: di‧a‧spo‧ra

名詞

diaspora (plural diasporas or diasporae or diasporai)

1. (collective) The dispersion of a group in a manner comparable to that of the Jews among the Gentiles after the Babylonian captivity (6th century BCE).

   The African diaspora caused a melding of cultures, both African cultures and Western ones, in many places.

   • 1594, Lambert Daneau, A Fruitfull Commentarie Vpon the Twelue Small Prophets‎, page 1042:

     This scattering abrode of the Iewes, as it were an heauenly sowing, fell out after their returne from the captiuitie of Babylon. Wherevpon both Acts. 2. and also 1. Pet. 1. and 1. Iam. ver. 1. [sic] they are called Diaspora, that is, a scattering or sowing abrode.

   • 2023 July 12, Paul Clifton, “Network News: Saved: Trust protects Adrian Shooter's legacy”, in RAIL, number 987, page 29:

     We're going to use her to train young people in the skills of maintaining these machines, and encourage the Indian diaspora in this country to get involved in our hobby of steam railways.

2. (by extension, informal) Jews outside of the land of Israel.
3. The regions where such a dispersed group (especially the Jews) resides, taken collectively.

   Jews in the diaspora often have a different perspective on anti-Semitism than Israeli Jews.

4. Any dispersion of an originally homogeneous entity, such as a language or culture.
   • 1988, Joseph Foley, New Englishes: the case of Singapore, page 1:

     Small wonder that there should have been in recent years fresh talk of the diaspora of English into several mutually incomprehensible languages

下位語

派生語

派生した語

• → Japanese: ディアスポラ (diasupora)
• → Korean: 디아스포라 (diaseupora)

参照

Further reading

• diaspora on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Jewish diaspora on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “diaspora”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• diaspora in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “diaspora”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.