Diabetesとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Latin diabētēs (“siphon”), from Ancient Greek διαβήτης (diabḗtēs), from Ancient Greek διαβαίνω (diabaínō, “to pass through”).

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/, /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtɪs/
• (米国発音, Canada) IPA: /ˌdaɪəˈbitiz/, [ˌdaɪəˈbiɾiz], /ˌdaɪəˈbitɪs/, [ˌdaɪəˈbiɾɪs]
• (General Australian) IPA: /ˌdɑɪəˈbiːtiːz/
• (Indic) IPA: /ˈɖajəbɪʈ.s/, /ɖajəˈbɛʈi.s/, /ɖajəˈbiʈi.s/
• (Philippines) IPA: /dajaˈbitis/

名詞

diabetes (uncountable)

1. (pathology) Diabetes mellitus; any of a group of metabolic diseases whereby a person (or other animal) has high blood sugar due to an inability to produce, or inability to metabolize, sufficient quantities of the hormone insulin. [from 19th c.]
   • 2020 September 7, Ian Sample, The Guardian:

     In the UK, one in 10 people over 40 live with type 2 diabetes, while one in four have high blood pressure, a condition described as a “silent killer” because it increases the risk of heart attack and stroke but rarely causes symptoms beforehand.

2. (slang, humorous) Any food or beverage with a high amount of sugar.
   • 2017 August 6, “The craziest things you have to eat in New York City”, in Silver Stories‎:

     This milkshake is pure diabetes, as my friends and I agreed on as a joke when we first came to Black Tap.

3. Diabetes insipidus; any condition characterized by excessive or incontinent urine, now specifically as caused by impaired production of, or response to, the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin. [from 15th c.]
   • 1649, Nicholas Culpeper, The Physical Directory:

     A Sheeps or Goats bladder being burnt, and the ashes given inwardly, helps the Diabetes, or continuall pissing.

   • 1751, [Tobias] Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: Harrison and Co., […], →OCLC:

     The lady laboured under a Diabetes, in consequence of having used the waters injudiciously for another complaint; and, that she might not be an impediment to the carriage, by ordering it to halt,as often as she should have occasion to disembogue, she had provided herself with a leathern contrivance […] .

同意語

• (group of metabolic diseases): diabetes mellitus, DM, diabeetus (humorous)

下位語

• (group of metabolic diseases): IDDM, juvenile diabetes, NIDDM

派生語

関連する語

• diabetic

派生した語

• Tok Pisin: daiabitis

アナグラム

• beadiest

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [di.aˈbeː.teːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [d̪i.aˈbɛː.t̪es]

名詞

diabētēs m (genitive diabētae); first declension

1. a siphon

   Synonym: sīphō

   • 4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica 3.10:

     Naturali enim spiritu omne alimentum virentis, quasi quaedam anima, per medullam trunci veluti per siphonem quem diabeten vocant mechanici, trahitur in summum: […]

     For by natural respiration all the nourishment of a green plant is drawn, as a sort of vital breath, into the highest point, passing through the pith of the stem as though through a siphon, which mechanics call diabetes; […]

2. (New Latin, pathology) diabetes

Inflection

First-declension noun (masculine, Greek-type, nominative singular in -ēs).

派生した語

• → English: diabetes

参照

• “diabetes”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press