DRUGとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 drogge (“medicine”), from Middle French drogue, drocque (“tincture, pharmaceutical product”) (c. 1462), from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German droge, as in droge vate (“dry vats, dry barrels”), mistaking droge for the contents, which were usually dried herbs, plants or wares. Droge comes from Middle Dutch drōghe (“dry”), from Old Dutch drōgi (“dry”), from Proto-Germanic *draugiz (“dry, hard”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard or solid”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, hold fast, support”). Cognate with English dry, Dutch droog (“dry”), German trocken (“dry”).

名詞

drug (plural drugs)

1. (pharmacology) A substance used to treat an illness, relieve a symptom, or modify a chemical process in the body for a specific purpose.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:pharmaceutical

   Aspirin is a drug that reduces pain, acts against inflammation and lowers body temperature.

   The revenues from both brand-name drugs and generic drugs have increased.

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     whence merchants bring their spicy drugs

   • 2011 October 4, Amanda MacMillan, “Depressed brains may hate differently”, in CNN‎:

     In the future, he says, a focus on the hate circuit may open new avenues for treatment – including new drugs and psychotherapies – that target this and other specific circuits in the brain.

2. A psychoactive substance, especially one which is illegal and addictive, ingested for recreational use, such as cocaine.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:recreational drug

   We took drugs and partied all night.

   They're on drugs.

   She used to be a drug addict.

   • 1971, Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, Harper Perennial, published 2005, page 3:

     We were somewhere around Barstow on the edge of the desert when the drugs began to take hold.

   • 1991 March, unknown student, “Antihero opinion”, in SPIN, page 70:

     You have a twelve-year-old kid being told from the time he's like five years old that all drugs are bad, they're going to screw you up, don't try them. Just say no. Then they try pot.

   • 2005, Thomas Brent Andrews, The Pot Plan: Louie B. Stumblin and the War on Drugs, Chronic Discontent Books, →ISBN, page 19:

     The only thing working against the poor Drug Abuse Resistance Officer is high-school students. ... He'd offer his simple lesson: Drugs are bad, people who use drugs are bad, and abstinence is the only answer.

   • 2021 July 22, Katie Hunt, “Schizophrenia linked to marijuana use disorder is on the rise, study finds”, in CNN‎:

     Cannabis use disorder is usually defined as a problematic use of the drug: developing tolerance to weed; using cannabis in larger amounts or over a longer period than intended; being unable to reduce use; spending a lot of time obtaining, using or recovering from the effects of cannabis; giving up important activities and obligations in favor of cannabis; and continued use of the drug despite negative consequences.

3. (by extension) Anything, such as a substance, emotion, or action, to which one is addicted.
   • 1975, Bryan Ferry, Andy Mackay, “Love Is the Drug”, in Siren, performed by Roxy Music:

     Oh, get that buzz / Love is the drug / I'm thinking of

   • 2005, Jack Haas, Om, Baby!: a Pilgrimage to the Eternal Self, page 8:

     Inspiration is my drug. Such things as spirituality, booze, travel, psychedelics, contemplation, music, dance, laughter, wilderness, and ribaldry — these have simply been the different forms of the drug of inspiration for which I have had great need […]

   • 2009, Niki Flynn, Dances with Werewolves, page 8:

     Fear was my drug of choice. I thrived on scary movies, ghost stories and rollercoasters. I dreamed of playing the last girl left alive in a slasher film — the one who screams herself hoarse as she discovers her friends' bodies one by one.

   • 2010, Ke$ha, Pebe Sebert, Joshua Coleman (Ammo), “Your Love is My Drug”, performed by Ke$ha:

     Because your love, your love, your love is my drug

   • 2011, Joslyn Shy, Introducing the Truth, page 5:

     The truth is...eating is my drug. When I am upset, I eat...when I am sad, I eat...when I am happy, I eat.

4. Any commodity that lies on hand, or is not salable; an article of slow sale, or in no demand.
   • 1685, John Dryden, Albion and Albanius, published 1691:

     And virtue shall a drug become.

   • 1742, Henry Fielding, “A Pleasant Discourse between the Two Parsons and the Bookseller, […]”, in The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews, and of His Friend Mr. Abraham Adams. […], volume I, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book I, page 117:

     […] Sermons are mere Drugs. The Trade is ſo vaſtly ſtocked vvith them, that really unleſs they come out vvith the Name of VVhitfield [i.e, George Whitefield] or VVeſtley [John Wesley], or ſome other ſuch great Man, as a Biſhop, or thoſe ſort of People, I don't care to touch, […]

5. (Canada, US, informal) Ellipsis of drugstore.
   • 1980, Stephen King, The Mist, Viking Press:

     “I’ll go this far,” I answered him. “We’ll try going over to the drug. You, me, Ollie if he wants to go, one or two others. Then we’ll talk it over again.”

派生語

Collocations

動詞

drug (third-person singular simple present drugs, present participle drugging, simple past and past participle drugged)

1. (transitive) To administer intoxicating drugs to, generally without the recipient's knowledge or consent.

   She suddenly felt strange, and only then realized she'd been drugged.

2. (transitive) To add intoxicating drugs to with the intention of drugging someone.

   She suddenly felt strange. She realized her drink must have been drugged.

3. (intransitive) To prescribe or administer drugs or medicines.
   • 1610 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, The Alchemist, London: […] Thomas Snodham, for Walter Burre, and are to be sold by Iohn Stepneth, […], published 1612, →OCLC, (please specify the Internet Archive page), (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     Past all the doses of your drugging doctors

4. (intransitive, rare) To use intoxicating drugs.
   • 1990 February 4, Cindy Lanane, “With The Confidence Other Women Have Given Me”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 29, page 6:

     To soften the blow from working in such unfamiliar territory, I drank and drugged at the end of the day.

派生語

語源 2

Germanic ablaut formation. If old, a doublet of drew, from 中期英語 drug, drog, drugh, drogh, from 古期英語 drōg, from Proto-Germanic *drōg; compare Dutch droeg, German trug, Swedish drog. If secondary, probably formed by analogy with hang.

動詞

drug

1. (dialectal, chiefly Southern US) simple past and past participle of drag

   You look like someone drug you behind a horse for half a mile.

   look what the cat drug in

   • 1961, Kurt Vonnegut, Harrison Bergeron:

     […] their faces were masked, so that no one, seeing a free and graceful gesture or a pretty face, would feel like something the cat drug in.

   • 2005, Diane Wilson, An Unreasonable Woman: A True Story of Shrimpers, →ISBN, page 193:

     When Blackburn called, I drug the telephone cord twenty feet out of the office and sat on the cord while I talked with him.

   • 2009 August 13, Tom Armstrong, Marvin (comic):

     It's about time you drug it home, Jeff!

使用する際の注意点

• Random House says that drug is "nonstandard" as the past tense of drag. Merriam-Webster once ruled that drug in this construction was "illiterate" but have since upgraded it to "dialect". The lexicographers of New World, American Heritage, and Oxford make no mention of this sense.

語源 3

名詞

drug (plural drugs)

1. (obsolete) A drudge.
   • c. 1605–1608 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Tymon of Athens”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

     Hadst thou, like us from our first swath, proceeded / The sweet degrees that this brief world affords / To such as may the passive drugs of it / Freely command, thou wouldst have plunged thyself / In general riot