Claustrumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Unadapted borrowing from Latin claustrum (“a bolt, bar”). Doublet of cloister.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈklɔːstɹəm/

名詞

claustrum (plural claustra)

1. (neuroanatomy) A thin, irregular sheet of grey matter underneath the inner part of the neocortex on both sides of the brains of mammals; its exact function is not understood, but it is believed to facilitate coordination between senses
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:claustrum.

関連する語

• claustral
• claustrophobia
• claustrophilia

参照

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈkɫau̯s.trũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈklau̯s.t̪rum]

名詞

claustrum n (genitive claustrī); second declension

1. (rare, usually in the plural) a bar, band, bolt
2. gate, door, bulwark
3. enclosure (confined space)
4. cloister (especially in plural)
5. (Medieval Latin) portion of monastery closed off to laity
6. (New Latin) claustrum (thin lamina of grey matter in each cerebral hemisphere of the human brain)

使用する際の注意点

• Singular forms are almost never encountered; this noun is usually plural.

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

関連する語

派生した語

• Vulgar Latin: *clostrum
  • Italian: chiostro, chiostra
  • Old French: cloistre
    • Middle French: cloistre
      • French: cloître, cloitre (post-1990 spelling)
        • → Russian: клуа́тр (kluátr)
        • → Ukrainian: клуа́тр (kluátr)
    • → Middle English: cloistre, cloister, closter, cloystre, cloyster, clostre, cloistir, cleystir, cloysture
      • English: cloister
      • Scots: closter (< closter)
  • Old Occitan:
    • Occitan: clastra
  • Rhaeto-Romance:
    • Friulian: clustris
    • Romansch: clostra
  • Venetan: giostro
• → Catalan: claustre
• → English: claustrum, claustral, claustrophobia
• → Friulian: claustri
• → Galician: claustro, caustra (semi-learned)
• → Hungarian: klastrum, kalastorom, kolostor
• → Italian: claustro
• → Old Norse: klaustr
  • Icelandic: klaustur
  • Faroese: kleystur
  • Norwegian: kloster
  • Old Swedish: kloster, kløster
    • Swedish: kloster
    • → Finnish: luostari
  • Danish: kloster
• → Polish: claustrum, klaustrum
• → Portuguese: claustro
• → Romanian: claustru
• → Romansch: claustra
• → Spanish: claustro
• West Germanic languages (borrowed post-Proto-West Germanic):
  • → Old English: clauster, clūstor
  • → Old Frisian: klāster
    • West Frisian: kleaster
  • → Old Saxon: *klōstar
    • Middle Low German: klôster
      • Plautdietsch: Kloosta
      • → Estonian: klooster
      • → Latvian: klosteris
  • → Old Dutch: *clōster
    • Middle Dutch: clôoster
      • Dutch: klooster
      • Limburgish: kloeaster
  • → Old High German: klōstar
    • Middle High German: klōster
      • Alemannic German: Chlooster
      • Bavarian: Klosta
      • German: Kloster
        • → Serbo-Croatian:

          Cyrillic script: клоштер, клоштар

          Latin script: klošter, kloštar

      • Luxembourgish: Klouschter
      • → Czech: klášter
        • → Polish: klasztor
          • → Ukrainian: кля́штор (kljáštor)
      • → Slovak: kláštor

参考

• claustra

参照

• “claustrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “claustrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "claustrum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “claustrum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to break down the gates: claustra portarum revellere
    
• “claustrum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• claustrum in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• “claustrum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin