Charnelとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 charnel, from Old French charnel, carnel, from Late Latin carnāle (“graveyard”), from Latin carnālis, or possibly an alteration of Anglo-Norman charner, from Medieval Latin carnārium (“charnel”). Displaced 中期英語 fleshusse, from 古期英語 flǣsċhūs.

名詞

charnel (plural charnels)

1. A chapel attached to a mortuary.
2. A repository for dead bodies.
   • 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XXXI”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 50:

     When Lazarus left his charnel-cave,
     ⁠And home to Mary’s house return’d,
     ⁠Was this demanded—if he yearn’d
     To hear her weeping by his grave?

派生語

形容詞

charnel (comparative more charnel, superlative most charnel)

1. Of or relating to a charnel, deathlike, sepulchral.
   • 1874, James Thomson, The City of Dreadful Night:

     He murmured to himself with dull despair,
     Here Faith died, poisoned by this charnel air.

参照

• John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “charnel”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.

語源 2

From Old French charnel, from Latin cardinālis (“relating to a hinge”); related to French charnière.

名詞

charnel (plural charnels)

1. (historical) Part of a helm, now usually identified as the hinge (near the neck) by which the helm was secured to the breastplate.
   • 1836, George Payne Rainsford James, Darnley, Or the Field of the Cloth of Gold, page 134:

     The knight did as he was desired, and broke his spear twice on the very charnel of his helmet. It being now Sir William Cecil's turn, each knight charged his spear directly towards the other's head, and galloping on, both lances […]

   • 1836, Archaeologia: Or Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity, page 401:

     1 Are these the charnels, or pinnacles of helmets? See Meyrick, […]

   • 2010, Noel Fallows, Jousting in Medieval and Renaissance Iberia, Boydell Press, →ISBN:

     [page 78:] […] knight being struck on the charnel, a device for attaching the helm to the breastplate […] [page 497:] Most of the knights at this passage of arms were wearing sallets with bevors or armets with wrappers. Here we have a rare exception, since reference to the charnel indicates that Joan de Camós is wearing a helm. Given the effect of this particular spear stroke, it can be inferred that he was struck high on the charnel, near the neck, which would have made him choke or gag.

使用する際の注意点

• In the 1800s, some antiquarians initially identified the charnel or charnell as the crest or pinnacle of a helm; the 1933 OED defines it as the hinge by which the visor and bevor move. (Compare manifer and tapul, where the identification has also evolved.)

参考

• flaon

参照

• 1842, S.R. Meyrick, A Critical Inquiry Into Antient Armour, as it Existed in Europe, Particularly in Great Britain, from the Norman Conquest to the Reign of King Charles II: Ill. by a Series of Illuminated Engravings : with a Glossary of Military Terms of the Middle Ages, page 159:

  […] with the vizors and bevors of their helmets closed; the tops of the helmets rise to pinnacles, called charnels […]

• 1897, The American Encyclopaedic Dictionary, page 833:

  char-nel (2), †char-nell, s. [Fr. charnière.] 1. A hinge. 2. The crest of a helmet. (Halliwell.) "The charnel of his helmet."

• 2021 November 5, Charles John ffoulkes, The armourer and his craft from the XIth to the XVIth century, Good Press:

  Charnel, O.E. the bolt that fixed the tilting-helm to the breastplate. [...] Cimier, the crest on the helm.

アナグラム

• larchen