Censusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from Latin cēnsus, from cēnseō. See censor.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈsɛnsəs/

名詞

census (countable and uncountable, plural censuses or censusses or census)

1. An official count or enumeration of members of a population (not necessarily human), usually residents or citizens in a particular region, often done at regular intervals.
   • 1984, 43:03 from the start, in Dune‎ (Science Fiction), spoken by Reverend Mother Ramallo, →OCLC:

     As you know, the Imperium has never been able to take a census of the Fremen. Everyone thinks that there are but few wandering here and there in the desert. My Lord, I suspect an incredible secret has been kept on this planet: that the Fremen exist in vast numbers- vast- and it is they who control Arrakis.

2. Count, tally.
   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 7, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

     In what census of living creatures, the dead of mankind are included ...

3. (historical) A type of tax levied by feudal lords on peasants.
4. (cellular automata) A count of the number of individual patterns within a larger pattern, most often the ash of a soup or a methuselah.

派生語

関連する語

参考

動詞

census (third-person singular simple present censuses or censusses, present participle censusing or censussing, simple past and past participle censused or censussed)

1. (transitive) To conduct a census on.
   • 1893, Census of India, 1891, volume 23, page 347:

     Each page of the schedule was crossruled with 8 lines, capable of censussing 8 individuals.

   • 2008, Pierandrea Brichetti et al., “Recent declines in urban Italian Sparrow Passer (domesticus) italiae populations in northern Italy”, in Ibis, page 179, column 2:

     Indeed, none of the recorded characteristics of buildings nor their location affected our counts of breeding Sparrows, which appeared to be distributed rather homogeneously across the urban areas we censused.

2. (intransitive) To collect a census.
   • 1965, Fauna & Flora, page 46:

     My initiation to waterfowl censussing took place in the early days of the A.W.E., as it is familiarly known, when I served as a junior to one of the ablest of the Witwatersrand pioneers, Royce Reed. The method used must remain one of the three basic methods of Transvaal waterfowl censussing, although it has certain inherent limitations.

   • 1995, Netherlands Journal of Zoology, volume 45, page 390:

     For 14 individuals, eight censusses per daily period were performed within two weeks (32 censusses per individual), each time recording the coordinates of location. The territories of the individuals were defined as the area defended successfully against conspecifics by agonistic and/or non-agonistic behaviour, as described by Wickler (1969) and Nelissen (1976). The locations of the territories were determined from censussing; their sizes were estimated by behavioural observations.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈkẽː.sʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈt͡ʃɛn.sus]

名詞

cēnsus m (genitive cēnsūs); fourth declension

1. census, a registering of the populace and their property
2. a register resulting from a census
3. (poetic) rich gifts, presents, wealth

語形変化

Fourth-declension noun.

派生した語

形容詞

cēnsus (feminine cēnsa, neuter cēnsum); first/second-declension adjective

1. registered
2. assessed
3. reckoned

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

参照

• “census”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “census”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "census", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “census”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to hold the census: censum habere, agere (Liv. 3. 22)
    
  • to strike off the burgess-roll: censu prohibere, excludere
    
• “census”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “census”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin