Bumperとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈbʌmpə/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈbʌmpəɹ/
• 韻: -ʌmpə(ɹ)
• ハイフネーション: bump‧er

名詞

bumper (plural bumpers)

1. Someone or something that bumps.
2. (obsolete) A drinking vessel filled to the brim.
   • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

     [T]hey now shook hands heartily, and drank bumpers of strong beer to healths which we think proper to bury in oblivion.

   • 1756 February 3 (first performance), Samuel Foote, The Englishman Return’d from Paris, Being the Sequel to The Englishman in Paris. A Farce […], London: […] Paul Vaillant, […], published 1756, →OCLC, Act I, page 27:

     Pork ſucceeds to Beef, Pies to Puddings: The Cloth is remov'd, Madam, drench'd vvith a Bumper, drops a Courtſey, and departs; […]

   • 1818, John Keats, Written in the cottage where Burns was born:

     Yet can I gulp a bumper to thy name,— / O smile among the shades, for this is fame!

   • 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 8, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:

     Mr. Horrocks served myself and my pupils with three little glasses of wine, and a bumper was poured out for my lady.

   • 1859, Charles Dickens, chapter XI, in A Tale of Two Cities, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC:

     Sydney Carton drank the punch at a great rate; drank it by bumpers, looking at his friend.

   • 1879, W[illiam] S[chwenck] Gilbert, Arthur Sullivan, composer, The Pirates of Penzance  […], Philadelphia: J.M. Stoddart & Co., published 1880, →OCLC:

     Pour, oh, pour the pirate sherry; / Fill, O fill the pirate glass; / And, to make us more than merry, / Let the pirate bumper pass.

3. (colloquial, now chiefly attributive) Anything large or successful.
4. (automotive) Parts at the front and back of a vehicle which are meant to absorb the impact of a collision; fender.
5. Any mechanical device used to absorb an impact, soften a collision, or protect against impact.

   The company sells screw-on rubber bumpers and feet.

6. (cricket) A bouncer.
7. (billiards) A side wall of a pool table.
8. A cylindrical object used (as a substitute for birds) to train dogs to retrieve.
9. (broadcasting) A short ditty or jingle used to separate a show from the advertisements.
10. (slang, dated) A covered house at a theatre, etc., in honour of some favourite performer.
11. (slang, Caribbean, Jamaica) A woman's posterior, particularly one that is considered full and desirable.
12. (music) An extra musician (not notated in the score) who assists the principal French horn by playing less-exposed passages, so that the principal can save their 'lip' for difficult solos. Also applied to other sections of the orchestra.
13. (pinball) An object on a playfield that applies force to the pinball when hit, often giving a minor increase in score.
14. (Australia, slang) A cigarette butt.
15. (horse racing) In National Hunt racing, a flat race for horses that have not yet competed either in flat racing or over obstacles.
16. (video games) A shoulder button on a gamepad.
17. (bowling) Synonym of gutter guard (“rail to prevent a ball from rolling into the gutter”).

派生語

派生した語

形容詞

bumper (not comparable)

1. (colloquial) Wonderfully large; (as if) filled to the bumpers at the top of a silo, or successful in this regard.

   a bumper collection of silly jokes

   What a bumper year for apples!

   We harvested a bumper crop of arugula and parsnips this year.

   • 1819, Jedediah Cleishbotham [pseudonym; Walter Scott], chapter XI, in Tales of My Landlord, Third Series. […], volume II (The Bride of Lammermoor), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:

     "I see I must bribe you to harbour me—come, pledge me in a bumper health to the last young lady that slept at Wolf's Crag, and liked her quarters.—My bones are not so tender as hers, and I am resolved to occupy her apartment tonight, that I may judge how hard the couch is that love can soften."

動詞

bumper (third-person singular simple present bumpers, present participle bumpering, simple past and past participle bumpered)

1. (obsolete, intransitive) To drink from the vessels called bumpers.