BITUMENとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 bithumen, bitumen, from Latin bitūmen. Doublet of bitume.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈbɪt.jʊ.mɪn/, /ˈbɪt͡ʃ.ʊ.mɪn/
• (Canada) IPA: /ˈbɪt͡ʃ.ʊ.mɪn/, /ˈbɪt.jʊ.mɪn/
• (米国発音) IPA: /bɪˈtumən/, /bɪˈtjumən/, /baɪˈtumən/

名詞

bitumen (countable and uncountable, plural bitumina or bitumens)

1. A sticky, black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum, burning with a bright flame. It occurs as an abundant natural product in many places, as on the shores of the Dead and Caspian Seas. It is used in cements, in the construction of pavements, etc.; Mineral pitch.

   Synonym: Jew's pitch

   • 2014 August 24, Jeff Howell, “Home improvements: gravel paths and cutting heating bills [print version: Cold comfort in technology, 23 August 2014, p. P5]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Property)‎:

     You need to excavate and remove the topsoil, line the subsoil with a geotextile, then lay and compact hardcore. Follow this with a layer of compacted "hoggin" – compacted clay, gravel and sand. This is then sprayed with hot bitumen, and has a layer of pea shingle rolled into it.

2. (by extension) Any one of the natural hydrocarbons, including the hard, solid, brittle varieties called asphalt, the semisolid maltha and mineral tars, the oily petrolea, and even the light, volatile naphthas.
3. (Australia, colloquial) Roads sealed with bitumen, as opposed to dirt roads.
4. (Canada) Canadian deposits of extremely heavy crude oil.

同意語

• (mineral pitch): bitume (obsolete), Jew’s lime, Jew’s pitch, Jew’s slime, slime (all obsolete)

派生語

動詞

bitumen (third-person singular simple present bitumens, present participle bitumening, simple past and past participle bitumened)

1. To cover or fill with bitumen.

   Synonym: bituminize

   • 1926, Rudyard Kipling, “The Prophet and the Country”, in Debits and Credits, →OCLC, page 155:

     another star reflected itself in the glassy black of the bitumened road

   • 1937, Lady Ethel Stefana Drower, Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran, Brill Archive, →LCCN, page 122:

     The Litlata community have now built a mandi set in a pleasant garden, and to ensure the cleanliness of their yardna have bricked and bitumened the pool into which the water flows

   • 1984, Dennis Hancock, Wheels of Progress: History of the Road Transport Industry in Western Australia, 1829-1983‎, Access Press, →ISBN, page 145:

     Work is already under way to complete the bitumening of Western Australia's last unsurfaced stretch of Highway One, between Fitzroy Crossing and Hall's Creek.

   • 2013, Janice Cooper, Crossing the Divide: A History of Alpha and Jericho Districts, Boolarong Press, →ISBN, page 176:

     The development of water reticulation occurred in parallel with street work — forming, kerbing, channelling and bitumening.

   (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:)

参考

• asphalt

参照

• “bitumen”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [bɪˈtuː.mɛn]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [biˈtuː.men]

名詞

bitūmen n (genitive bitūminis); third declension

1. mineral pitch, bitumen

語形変化

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

関連する語

• bitūmineus
• bitūminō
• bitūminōsus

派生した語

Reflexes of an assumed variant *bittūmen:

Borrowings:

参照

Further reading

• Coromines, Joan; Pascual, José Antonio (1984), “betún”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic etymological dictionary]‎ (in Spanish), volume I (A–Ca), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 578
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “bitūmen”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 1: A–B, page 386
• “bitumen”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “bitumen”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “bitumen”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “bitumen”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers