Allowanceとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• allowaunce (obsolete)

語源

From 中期英語 allouance, from Old French alouance. Morphologically allow +‎ -ance.

発音

• IPA: /əˈlaʊəns/
• ハイフネーション: al‧low‧ance

名詞

allowance (countable and uncountable, plural allowances)

1. Permission; granting, conceding, or admitting.
   • 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

     you sent a large commission to Gregory de Cassado, to conclude, without the King's will or the state's allowance

   • 1986, Special Committee on Aging, United States Senate, Hazards in reuse of disposable dialysis devices: staff report to the Special Committee on Aging, United States Senate‎, U.S. Government Printing Office, page 272:

     [Mr. Michie] Q[uestion]. Didn't Dr. Carter, Director of the OHTA [Office of Health Technology Assessment], and Martin Erlichman, OHTA scientific analyst assigned to this assessment, express to you concerns about 60 days being unreasonable as far as timeframe was concerned for this assessment? [Mr. Marshall] A[nswer]. There was some discussion about that, but that occurred some time later when we made the decision to put a notice in the Federal Register. We—when we do an assessment, we put a notice in the Federal Register and then that requires the allowance of a certain amount of time for public comment.

   • 1991, Klaas van't Riet, Johannes Tramper, Basic Bioreactor Design‎, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 286:

     The physical background of foaming of the complex fermentation liquids is not well understood. Proteins do play a major role, but all other components can also be important. Foaming is a problem, but its relation to mass transfer leads to the allowance of a certain amount of foam on top of the fermenter. For foam control a number of methods are available. Most widely used are the antifoam liquids and the centrifugal separator. The latter one should be equipped with a safety antifoam dosage device also and is less attractive for large-scale applications.

   • 1991 February 4, David Lafontaine, Patrick Ward, “Why Our Future Is In The GOP”, in Gay Community News‎, volume 18, number 28, page 5:

     The colossal stupidity of the one-party strategy has had three disastrous effects: the nurturance of right-wing Republican homophobes, the weakening and silencing of pro-gay, progressive Republicans, and the allowance of lacklustrer, liberal Democrats to exploit us at their will and ignore us at their convenience.

2. Acknowledgment.
   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

     The censure of the which one must in your allowance overweigh a whole theater of others.

3. An amount, portion, or share that is allotted or granted; a sum granted as a reimbursement, a bounty, or as appropriate for any purpose.

   her meagre allowance of food or drink

   Being a volunteer is unpaid, but we get accommodation and a living allowance of 100 euros a week.

   1. Such a sum or portion granted to a family member or familiar, especially one's own child; pocket money for such a person.

      She gives her daughters each an allowance of thirty dollars a month.

      • 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:

        Some persons averred that Sir Pitt Crawley gave his brother a handsome allowance.

4. Abatement; deduction; the taking into account of mitigating circumstances.

   to make allowance for his naivety

   • 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

     After making the largest allowance for fraud.

5. (commerce) A deduction from the gross weight of goods, such as to discount their container's weight or per a custom differing by country.

   Hyponyms: tare, tret

   Minus the allowance, the total came to thirteen tons.

6. (horse racing) A permitted reduction in the weight that a racehorse must carry.

   Antonym: penalty

   On the Flat, an apprentice jockey starts with an allowance of 7 lb.

7. (minting) A permissible deviation in the fineness and weight of coins, owing to the difficulty in securing exact conformity to the standard prescribed by law.
8. (obsolete) Approval; approbation.
   • 1807, George Crabbe, The Parish Register:

     […] gave allowance where he needed none

9. (obsolete) License; indulgence.
   • 1695, John Locke, The Reasonableness of Christianity:

     this Allowance for their Transgressions

10. (engineering) A planned deviation between an exact dimension and a nominal or theoretical dimension.

同意語

• (act of allowing): authorization, permission, sanction, tolerance.
• (money): stipend
• (minting): remedy, tolerance

派生語

派生した語

• → Cebuano: alawans
• → Malay: élaun

動詞

allowance (third-person singular simple present allowances, present participle allowancing, simple past and past participle allowanced)

1. (transitive) To put upon a fixed allowance (especially of provisions and drink).

   The captain was obliged to allowance his crew.

2. (transitive) To supply in a fixed and limited quantity.

   Our provisions were allowanced.

参照

• “allowance”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.