Al isとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Proto-Italic *-ālis, which also later dissimilated into an early version of -āris (e.g., mīlitāris). Perhaps connected to *h₂el- (“to grow”) (cf. the sense of indolēs, from this root).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈaː.lis/, [ˈäːlʲɪs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈa.lis/, [ˈäːlis]

接尾辞

-ālis (neuter -āle); third-declension two-termination suffix

1. Suffixed to nouns or numerals creating adjectives of relationship.

   ‎anima (“breath”) + ‎-ālis → ‎animālis (“animate, living”)

   ‎crūra (“legs”) + ‎-ālis → ‎crūrālis (“pertaining to the leg, crural”)

   ‎pedēs (“feet”) + ‎-ālis → ‎pedālis (“pertaining to the foot”)

   ‎duo (“two”) + ‎-ālis → ‎duālis (“dual”)

   ‎rēx (“king, ruler”) + ‎-ālis → ‎rēgālis (“regal, royal”)

   ‎nātūra (“nature”) + ‎-ālis → ‎nātūrālis (“natural”)

2. Suffixed to adjectives creating adjectives with an intensified meaning.

   ‎aequus (“equal in a given quality; even, level”) + ‎-ālis → ‎aequālis (“equal in every respect, identical in value; uniform, unvarying”)

   ‎aeternus (“having finite but long duration as if pertaining to an aetas; lasting”) + ‎-ālis → ‎aeternālis (“having infinite duration; everlasting, infinite”)

   ‎līber (“free, independent, unrestricted; open, unbiased”) + ‎-ālis → ‎līberālis (“advocating and promoting personal freedom; bountiful, generous”)

   ‎socius (“associating, sharing, partaking”) + ‎-ālis → ‎sociālis (“companionable; allied, confederate”)

使用する際の注意点

The suffix -ālis is added (usually, but not exclusively) to a noun or numeral to form an adjective of relationship to that noun. When suffixed to an existing adjective, the effect is and to intensify the adjectival meaning, and often to narrow the semantic field. If the root word ends in -l or -lis, -āris is generally used instead. Sometimes both forms are found; e.g., līneālis and līneāris.

語形変化

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

派生語

• -ālia

派生した語

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈa.lɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈaː.lis]

動詞

alis

1. second-person singular present active indicative of alō

語源 2

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈaː.liːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈaː.lis]

名詞

ālīs

1. dative/ablative plural of āla

語源 3

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈaː.liːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈaː.lis]

名詞

ālīs

1. dative/ablative plural of ālus and ālum

参照

• “alis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “alis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "alis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “alis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.