ſtringの英語

語源 1

From 中期英語 string, streng, strynge, from 古期英語 strenġ, from Proto-West Germanic *strangi, from Proto-Germanic *strangiz (“string”), from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“rope, cord, strand; to tighten”).

Cognate with Scots string (“string”), Dutch streng (“cord, strand”), Low German strenge (“strand, cord, rope”), German Strang (“strand, cord, rope”), Danish streng (“string”), Swedish sträng (“string, cord, wire”), Icelandic strengur (“string”), Latvian stringt (“to be tight, wither”), Latin stringō (“I tighten”), Ancient Greek στραγγαλόομαι (strangalóomai, “to strangle”), from στραγγάλη (strangálē, “halter”), Ancient Greek στραγγός (strangós, “tied together, entangled, twisted”).

名詞

string (countable and uncountable, plural strings)

1. (countable, uncountable) A long, thin and flexible structure made from threads twisted together.

   Synonyms: cord, rope, line, thread, twine; see also Thesaurus:string

   • 1700, Matthew Prior, Carmen Seculare. for the Year 1700:

     Round Ormond's knee thou tiest the mystic string.

2. (countable) Any similar long, thin and flexible object.
   1. (music) A segment of wire (typically made of plastic or metal) or other material used as vibrating element on a musical instrument.

      a violinstring

      a bowstring

   2. (sports) A length of nylon or other material on the head of a racquet.
3. A thread or cord on which a number of objects or parts are strung or arranged in close and orderly succession; hence, a line or series of things arranged on a thread, or as if so arranged.

   a string of shells or beads

   a string of sausages

   • 1776–1788, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC:

     a string of islands

4. (countable) A cohesive substance taking the form of a string.

   The string of spittle dangling from his chin was most unattractive

5. (countable) A series of items or events.

   Synonyms: sequence, series

   • 2012, Christoper Zara, Tortured Artists: From Picasso and Monroe to Warhol and Winehouse, the Twisted Secrets of the World's Most Creative Minds, part 1, chapter 1, 27:

     In 1933, disgusted and discouraged after a string of commercial failures, Clara quit the film business forever. She was twenty-six.

   a string of successes

6. A slightly elevated (long, thin) peat ridge in a bog.

   Synonym: kermi

   Coordinate term: flark

   • 1987, Paul H. Glaser, The Ecology of Patterned Boreal Peatlands of Northern Minnesota: A Community Profile, page 51:

     Strings and Flarks[:] The two most conspicuous land form patterns in water tracks are fields of tree islands and networks of strings and flarks. The origin of strings and flarks is a controversial subject that has been treated extensively […]

   • 1993, Shatrughna Prasad Sinha, Instant encyclopaedia of geography, Mittal Publications, →ISBN, page 335:

     […] strings and flarks are again aligned along the contours, but the flarks are much wider and are often drier. Where the flarks are flooded they are curiously reminiscent of a system of terraced paddy fields  […]

   • 2009 July 15, Vaclav Cilek, Earth System: History and Natural Variability - Volume III, EOLSS Publications, →ISBN, page 199:

     […] strings and flarks is scarcely noticeable and it is the intermediate level (relative to the water table) between the higher, drier strings, and the low, wet flarks, which dominates. Such mires have an almost continuous cover of sedges […]

7. (countable) The members of a sports team or squad regarded as most likely to achieve success. (Perhaps metaphorical as the "strings" that hold the squad together.) Often first string, second string etc.
8. (countable) In various games and competitions, a certain number of turns at play, of rounds, etc.
9. (collective) A drove of horses, or a group of racehorses kept by one owner or at one stable.
10. (countable, programming) An ordered sequence of text characters stored consecutively in memory and capable of being processed as a single entity.
11. (music, metonymic, countable) A stringed instrument.
12. (music, usually in the plural) The stringed instruments as a section of an orchestra, especially those played by a bow, or the persons playing those instruments.

    Synonym: string section

13. (figurative, in the plural) The conditions and limitations in a contract collectively.

    Synonyms: conditions, provisions

    no strings attached

    • 2022 December 14, Mel Holley, “Network News: Strikes go on as RMT rejects RDG's "detrimental" offer”, in RAIL, number 972, page 8:

      But he added: "The RDG offer contains more strings than a harp, including some which have never previously been discussed. It also omits significant points that had previously been negotiated."

14. (countable, physics) A tiny one-dimensional string-like entity, the main object of study in string theory, a branch of theoretical physics.
15. (slang) Cannabis or marijuana. (Can we add an example for this sense? )
16. (billiards) Part of the game of billiards, where the order of the play is determined by testing who can get a ball closest to the bottom rail by shooting it onto the end rail.
17. (historical, billiards) The buttons strung on a wire by which the score is kept.
18. (billiards, by extension) The points made in a game of billiards.
19. (billiards, pool) The line from behind and over which the cue ball must be played after being out of play, as by being pocketed or knocked off the table; also called the string line.
20. A strip, as of leather, by which the covers of a book are held together.
    • 1641 May, John Milton, Of Reformation Touching Church-Discipline in England: And the Cavses that hitherto have Hindred it. […], [London]: […] Thomas Vnderhill, →OCLC; republished in (Please provide a date or year):

      Many of those that pretend to be great Rabbies in these studies have scarce saluted them from the strings, and the titlepage.

21. (archaic) A fibre, as of a plant; a little fibrous root.
    • 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

      Duckweed putteth forth a little string into the water, from the bottom.

22. (archaic) A nerve or tendon of an animal body.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Mark 7:35:

      The string of his tongue was loosed.

23. (carpentry) A board supporting steps

    Synonyms: stringer, stringboard, stringpiece

24. (shipbuilding) An inside range of ceiling planks, corresponding to the sheer strake on the outside and bolted to it.
25. (botany) The tough fibrous substance that unites the valves of the pericarp of leguminous plants.

    the strings of beans

26. (mining) A small, filamentous ramification of a metallic vein.
    • 1833, Thomas Sopwith, An Account of the Mining Districts of Alston Moor, Weardale […] :

      a single miner is often found pursuing his solitary labours at a string or thin vein of ore

27. (architecture, masonry) A stringcourse.
28. (dated, slang) A hoax; a fake story.
29. (slang) Synonym of stable (“group of prostitutes managed by one pimp”).
    • 2006, Steve Niles, Jeff Mariotte, 30 Days of Night: Rumors of the Undead, page 307:

      They were turning tricks, doing drugs, and generally little better off than they had been before, except that they were keeping more of their money. But they seemed lonely, too, without the company of their pimp and the rest of his string.

30. (oil industry) A column of drill pipe that transmits drilling fluid (using the mud pumps) and torque (using the kelly drive or top drive) to the drill bit.

下位語

派生語

派生した語

語源 2

From 中期英語 stryngen, strengen, from the noun (see above).

動詞

string (third-person singular simple present strings, present participle stringing, simple past strung or (colloquial) stringed or strang, past participle strung or (colloquial) stringed)

1. (transitive) To put (items) on a string.

   You can string these beads on to this cord to make a colorful necklace.

2. (transitive) To put strings on (something).

   It is difficult to string a tennis racket properly.

3. (intransitive) To form into a string or strings, as a substance which is stretched, or people who are moving along, etc.
4. (intransitive, billiards) To drive the ball against the end of the table and back, in order to determine which player is to open the game.
5. (birdwatching) To deliberately state that a certain bird is present when it is not; to knowingly mislead other birders about the occurrence of a bird, especially a rarity; to misidentify a common bird as a rare species.
   • 1980, Bill Oddie, Bill Oddie's Little Black Bird Book, page 81:

     To be honest, you'd be better off trying to string a Skylark as a Richard's Pipit rather than as a Pectoral Sandpiper.

   • 2005, Sean Dooley, The Big Twitch, Sydney: Allen and Unwin, page 67:

     For instance he might see a White-eared Honeyeater, a not uncommon bird in the heathy areas at Bunyip, but in his excitement to call it, something in his brain scrambled and came out as: `White-cheeked Honeyeater!' White-cheeked Honeyeater is an absolute stonking crippler in Victoria, but Stu was not actually trying to string a rarity, he'd just got such a flood of new information swirling around his brain that sometimes it got jumbled up.

同意語

• (put on a string): thread
• (put strings on): lace

派生語

• string on
• stringer
• stringified
• stringifier
• stringify

関連する語

Further reading

• string on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• String in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)