'veとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Contraction of have.

発音

• (postvocalic) IPA: /v/
• (postconsonantal) IPA: /əv/, /ə/
• Homophone: of (postconsonantal 've only, unstressed of only)

動詞

've (clitic)

1. Have (in its sense marking the perfect or retrospective aspect).
   • 2015 November 30, Shane O'Mara, Why Torture Doesn’t Work: The Neuroscience of Interrogation‎, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 12:

     Santorum, in a comment regarding Senator John McCain's repudiation of torture, stated, "He doesn't understand how enhanced interrogation works. I mean, you break somebody, and after they've broken they become cooperative" (Summers 2011).

2. Have (in its other uses).
   • 1845 March, “Editor’s Table”, in The Knickerbocker, or New-York Monthly Magazine, volume XXV, New York, N.Y.: […] John Allen, […], page 267, columns 1–2:

     Do n’t tell me you ‘have n’t got time,’ / That other things claim your attention; / There ’s not the least reason or rhyme / In the wisest excuse you can mention: / Do n’t tell me about ‘other fish,’ / Your duty is done when you buy ’em; / And you never will relish the dish, / Unless you ’ve a woman to ‘fry ’em.’

   • 1996, Deirdre Purcell, Roses After Rain, page 335:

     "...Where's the ladies' in this joint? I've to powder me nose."

使用する際の注意点

In many dialects, -'ve is only used to mark the perfect aspect ("I've done something" = "I have done something"), not to signify possession ("I have something"), necessity ("I have to do something"), etc. In others, -'ve is used more broadly; this is sometimes proscribed.

参考

• 'd/’d
• 'll/’ll
• 'm/’m
• 're/’re
• 's/’s (third person)

アナグラム

• E.V., EV, Ev, eV, μeV

形容詞

−ve (not comparable)

1. Abbreviation of negative.

   Antonym: +ve

   • 2002, “Haematology” (chapter 3), in Drew Provan, Andrew Krentz, editors, Oxford Handbook of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, Oxford: Oxford University Press, published 2003, →ISBN, page 225:

     A typical result for a CD4 T lymphocyte population is shown: CD3, CD4 +ve; CD8, CD13, CD34, CD19 −ve.

アナグラム

• E.V., EV, Ev, eV, μeV

語源 1

From Proto-Indo-European *-wē. Compare the Sanskrit वा (vā, “or”) and the Ancient Greek ἤ (ḗ).

接続詞

-ve

1. (always enclitic) or, leaving the choice free between two things or among several
   • 161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Eunuchus 2.13:

     Quid tu es tristis? Quidve es alacris? Unde is?

     Why are you out of spirits or why are you in such a hurry? Whence come you?

   • 44 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Philippicae 14.6.16:

     Post hanc habitam contionem duabus tribusve horis optatissimi nuntii et litterae venerunt.

     After this assembly was over, within two or three hours, these most welcome messengers and letters arrived.

2. (especially in negative sentences or questions implying a negative sentence) and, with the same meaning as -que
   • 44 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Philippicae 5.5.13:

     Num, quod maximum est, leges nostras moresve novit, num denique homines?

     Does he—which is most important—does he know any thing about our laws and manners? Is he even acquainted with any of the citizens?

3. (poetic, repeated or with correlative part) either...or
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 15.214:

     Nostra quoque ipsorum semper requieque sine ulla / corpora vertuntur, nec quod fuimusve sumusve / cras erimus;

     And our bodies themselves are always, restlessly, changing: we shall not be, tomorrow, either what we were, or what we are.

派生語

• ceu
• nēve
• sīve

参考

• -que
• -ne

語源 2

See -vus.

接尾辞

-ve

1. vocative masculine singular of -vus

形容詞

+ve (not comparable)

1. Abbreviation of positive.

   Antonym: -ve

   • 2002, “Haematology” (chapter 3), in Drew Provan, Andrew Krentz, editors, Oxford Handbook of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, Oxford: Oxford University Press, published 2003, →ISBN, page 225:

     A typical result for a CD4 T lymphocyte population is shown: CD3, CD4 +ve; CD8, CD13, CD34, CD19 −ve.

アナグラム

• E.V., EV, Ev, eV, μeV

語源

There is some disagreement on origin of this prefix:

• From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“out, away”). Compare Latin au-, Sanskrit अव (áva), Old Irish úa (“from, of”).
• From Proto-Italic *s(w)ē-, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”), whence also Latin sē- (“separately; without”), sē (“oneself”), sed (“but”).
• By reanalysis of the contracted form of vehemēns (“very eager, furious”), vēmēns, as vē- and mēns (“mind”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈweː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈvɛː]

接頭辞

vē-

1. Used to indicate a fault of excess or deficiency, too much, too little

派生語

• (perhaps) vescor, vescus
• (perhaps) vestīgium

参照