Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research
Intellectual Property Management
This study was conducted to identify the most challenging PMKAs in the external funded agricultural research projects of EIAR. The qualitative research approach with descriptive research designs was implemented. Both primary and secondary... more
This study was conducted to identify the most challenging PMKAs in the external funded agricultural research projects of EIAR. The qualitative research approach with descriptive research designs was implemented. Both primary and secondary data collection methods were used. Respondents were purposively identified. Based on this technique 124 respondents were identified. Respondents were working in 30 projects. Interviewees were also organized for 30 key informants from each project. The collected data were analysed through SPSS. The Cronbach’s Alpha test result of the questionnaire is 0.85. The result shows that, challenges related with organizational environment, project risk management, project time management, project cost management, and project quality management are the most challenging knowledge areas whereas the other PMKAs are moderately challenging.
This study was conducted to identify the most challenging PMKAs in the external funded agricultural research projects of EIAR. The qualitative research approach with descriptive research designs was implemented. Both primary and secondary... more
This study was conducted to identify the most challenging PMKAs in the external funded agricultural research projects of EIAR. The qualitative research approach with descriptive research designs was implemented. Both primary and secondary data collection methods were used. Respondents were purposively identified. Based on this technique 124 respondents were identified. Respondents were working in 30 projects. Interviewees were also organized for 30 key informants from each project. The collected data were analysed through SPSS. The Cronbach's Alpha test result of the questionnaire is 0.85. The result shows that, challenges related with organizational environment, project risk management, project time management, project cost management, and project quality management are the most challenging knowledge areas whereas the other PMKAs are moderately challenging.
The Amharic book synonym: “Ethiopian Intellectual Property protection laws and their implementation on the protection of agricultural research results” Intellectual property is a combination of two words and is a legal right over the... more
The Amharic book synonym: “Ethiopian Intellectual Property protection laws and their implementation on the protection of agricultural research results”
Intellectual property is a combination of two words and is a legal right over the creations of mind. It is a set of distinctive rights that can be classified as intangible assets. Intellectual Properties are classified as physical assets and are invisible, intangible and do not have shape and content; as well as they are product of human intellect which does not exist as a physical object. Intellectual Property is the right of patents granted to patent holders, just like any other material. This is because the creators have acquired their knowledge, money and time to produce the work.
Although intellectual property protection laws are generally similar in all countries, differences in the level of technological development, natural resources, trade, recreation, and culture of the people vary according to their nationality, the duration of protection, and the importance of protection. But the major intellectual property sectors protected by all countries include patent, copyright, and trademark, while other intellectual property sectors such as trade secrets, industrial design, new plant varieties, indegenous and community knowledges and more.
It has been years since our country went into recognizing the importance of protecting intellectual property and establishing an entity to lead this sector. The history of intellectual property protection in our country has to do with printing operations. History tells us that in the early 1930's, there was a law requiring the issuance of a license from the concerned government to set up printing houses and publish articles. Laws of the time require publishers to publish the names of authors. The existence of these legal frameworks indicates that it has opened the door to the protection of the author's economic and moral benefits.
Besides, they have found it hard after many years of tremendous work. Some articles indicate that the recognition of intellectual property in our country was associated with the emergence of printing companies, publishers and the establishment of a convenient system for controlling their printing. In connection with this, studies showed that anyone who wanted to establish a printing press or to publish a paper in the 1930's, he/she had to obtain a license from the concerned body.
As a result, the process of recognizing intellectual property in our country has evolved over time and various legal frameworks have been put in place to ensure that
[v]
creative and artistic people are respected for their economic and moral rights. Even though our country does not enjoy the benefits of the sector, like the developed countries, it does not underestimate its contribution to the country's economy. Accordingly, the government is paying attention to the sector and various activities are being done. In this article, it has been attempted to explore the general nature of intellectual property, major international treaties, Ethiopia’s patent protection laws, Ethiopia’s intellectual property laws and their contribution to the development of agricultural intellectual property.
The purpose of this book is to fill in the gaps in the knowledge of the actors in the field of agricultural intellectual property laws and conservation methods and to gain the benefit and recognition of their respective stakeholders. The various philosophies that explain the nature and significance of intellectual property have evolved and developed over time. Scholars have been making their own interpretations based on these philosophies. Natural Right Theory, Personality Theory and Utilitarian Theory are among the major philosophies and are discussed in this book.
Some of the significances of Intellectual Property Protection are listed as follows:
To ensure the continuation of human growth and prosperity;
To provide free knowledge;
To provide additional resources to conduct research and innovation;
It is a major contributor to global economic growth;
It will make a significant contribution to the advancement of technology competitiveness, industry expansion and investment; and
It helps to expand the culture and entertainment industries.
Moreover, it enables new technology to enter the market as it may weaken the efficiency of Plagiarism or forgery in a country with strong protection. Generally, intellectual property is a very broad section of law. Hence, in this book, it has been tried to provide the local laws which have been developed and implemented in our country.
Intellectual property is a combination of two words and is a legal right over the creations of mind. It is a set of distinctive rights that can be classified as intangible assets. Intellectual Properties are classified as physical assets and are invisible, intangible and do not have shape and content; as well as they are product of human intellect which does not exist as a physical object. Intellectual Property is the right of patents granted to patent holders, just like any other material. This is because the creators have acquired their knowledge, money and time to produce the work.
Although intellectual property protection laws are generally similar in all countries, differences in the level of technological development, natural resources, trade, recreation, and culture of the people vary according to their nationality, the duration of protection, and the importance of protection. But the major intellectual property sectors protected by all countries include patent, copyright, and trademark, while other intellectual property sectors such as trade secrets, industrial design, new plant varieties, indegenous and community knowledges and more.
It has been years since our country went into recognizing the importance of protecting intellectual property and establishing an entity to lead this sector. The history of intellectual property protection in our country has to do with printing operations. History tells us that in the early 1930's, there was a law requiring the issuance of a license from the concerned government to set up printing houses and publish articles. Laws of the time require publishers to publish the names of authors. The existence of these legal frameworks indicates that it has opened the door to the protection of the author's economic and moral benefits.
Besides, they have found it hard after many years of tremendous work. Some articles indicate that the recognition of intellectual property in our country was associated with the emergence of printing companies, publishers and the establishment of a convenient system for controlling their printing. In connection with this, studies showed that anyone who wanted to establish a printing press or to publish a paper in the 1930's, he/she had to obtain a license from the concerned body.
As a result, the process of recognizing intellectual property in our country has evolved over time and various legal frameworks have been put in place to ensure that
[v]
creative and artistic people are respected for their economic and moral rights. Even though our country does not enjoy the benefits of the sector, like the developed countries, it does not underestimate its contribution to the country's economy. Accordingly, the government is paying attention to the sector and various activities are being done. In this article, it has been attempted to explore the general nature of intellectual property, major international treaties, Ethiopia’s patent protection laws, Ethiopia’s intellectual property laws and their contribution to the development of agricultural intellectual property.
The purpose of this book is to fill in the gaps in the knowledge of the actors in the field of agricultural intellectual property laws and conservation methods and to gain the benefit and recognition of their respective stakeholders. The various philosophies that explain the nature and significance of intellectual property have evolved and developed over time. Scholars have been making their own interpretations based on these philosophies. Natural Right Theory, Personality Theory and Utilitarian Theory are among the major philosophies and are discussed in this book.
Some of the significances of Intellectual Property Protection are listed as follows:
To ensure the continuation of human growth and prosperity;
To provide free knowledge;
To provide additional resources to conduct research and innovation;
It is a major contributor to global economic growth;
It will make a significant contribution to the advancement of technology competitiveness, industry expansion and investment; and
It helps to expand the culture and entertainment industries.
Moreover, it enables new technology to enter the market as it may weaken the efficiency of Plagiarism or forgery in a country with strong protection. Generally, intellectual property is a very broad section of law. Hence, in this book, it has been tried to provide the local laws which have been developed and implemented in our country.
Amharic book synonym “Ethiopian Agricultural Law Frameworks: Their Role in Agricultural Growth and Development in Accelerating Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer” The agricultural sector is the backbone of Ethiopia in various... more
Amharic book synonym “Ethiopian Agricultural Law Frameworks: Their Role in Agricultural Growth and Development in Accelerating Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer”
The agricultural sector is the backbone of Ethiopia in various ways. This sector is the first to play a significant role in the Ethiopian economy. As a result, 79% of the country's population is engaged in the sector, accounting for 35% of the country's gross domestic product, the CSA report (2017/18), and the country being the primary source of raw material for the industry-led transition. This short book focuses on the role of the legal frameworks in the field of agriculture, recognizing their contribution and gaps in accelerating agricultural development and enhancing the role of the sector in the next generation of economic development. To prepare this book, efforts have been made to explore the legal frameworks of our country by identifying gaps and taking experiences of other countries. The main purposes of this book is 1. Identify the gap in the agricultural sector and make it a resource for policy makers; 2. Exploring the linkages between laws in the agricultural sector. The research methodology we followed to do this was by identifying and exploring potential contributing factors to the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. Accordingly, major federal government legal frameworks are thought to have a positive or negative impact on future agricultural growth and transformation. In addition, efforts have been made to reference other legal texts and the laws of other countries. Finally, a summary and recommendation is provided by summarizing the inputs from these documents.
የኢትዮጵያ የግብርና ሕግ ማዕቀፎች (Evidence Briefing and the Way Forward)
[2]
Agriculture is a broad economic sector that encompasses all the post-production and food quality of various activities related to agriculture, livestock and fisheries. The legal documents concerning these various agricultural activities are called agricultural laws. This does not mean that the agricultural law has a unified meaning. Over the years various legal scholars have conducted various studies on the nature of agricultural law. But despite these studies, they have failed to provide a consistent definition of what constitutes agricultural law. Because agriculture is a biological and agricultural law, it is one of the most complex legal structures in nature. Different laws on agriculture in our country have been issued at different times. These laws are based on the FDRE Constitution and the Rural and Agricultural Development Policy and Strategy. As a result of these laws it has been possible to respond to various obstacles to agricultural growth. An effort has been made to identify the contributions and gaps in the law by exploring some of the major legal frameworks of these major legal frameworks. Agricultural-related laws are a valuable contribution to the development of the sector. However, rather than listing these contributions in detail, the gaps in the rules have been emphasized as a way to improve gaps and become the basis for further drafts of policy and legislation. Accordingly, some of the rules in the study are set out in this book. Generally, in this book, an effort has been made to explore various legal documents and to look at other legal frameworks of other countries to identify potential legal provisions and procedures that could have prevented the growth of agriculture. As a result of this study, the negative impact of agricultural development was not only the legal gaps, but also the inability to properly interpret existing laws. This does not mean that the laws are absolute. But this gap in the laws played a role in accelerating agricultural growth. Accordingly, the major activities that need to be sustained for the sustainable development of agriculture are identified.
The agricultural sector is the backbone of Ethiopia in various ways. This sector is the first to play a significant role in the Ethiopian economy. As a result, 79% of the country's population is engaged in the sector, accounting for 35% of the country's gross domestic product, the CSA report (2017/18), and the country being the primary source of raw material for the industry-led transition. This short book focuses on the role of the legal frameworks in the field of agriculture, recognizing their contribution and gaps in accelerating agricultural development and enhancing the role of the sector in the next generation of economic development. To prepare this book, efforts have been made to explore the legal frameworks of our country by identifying gaps and taking experiences of other countries. The main purposes of this book is 1. Identify the gap in the agricultural sector and make it a resource for policy makers; 2. Exploring the linkages between laws in the agricultural sector. The research methodology we followed to do this was by identifying and exploring potential contributing factors to the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. Accordingly, major federal government legal frameworks are thought to have a positive or negative impact on future agricultural growth and transformation. In addition, efforts have been made to reference other legal texts and the laws of other countries. Finally, a summary and recommendation is provided by summarizing the inputs from these documents.
የኢትዮጵያ የግብርና ሕግ ማዕቀፎች (Evidence Briefing and the Way Forward)
[2]
Agriculture is a broad economic sector that encompasses all the post-production and food quality of various activities related to agriculture, livestock and fisheries. The legal documents concerning these various agricultural activities are called agricultural laws. This does not mean that the agricultural law has a unified meaning. Over the years various legal scholars have conducted various studies on the nature of agricultural law. But despite these studies, they have failed to provide a consistent definition of what constitutes agricultural law. Because agriculture is a biological and agricultural law, it is one of the most complex legal structures in nature. Different laws on agriculture in our country have been issued at different times. These laws are based on the FDRE Constitution and the Rural and Agricultural Development Policy and Strategy. As a result of these laws it has been possible to respond to various obstacles to agricultural growth. An effort has been made to identify the contributions and gaps in the law by exploring some of the major legal frameworks of these major legal frameworks. Agricultural-related laws are a valuable contribution to the development of the sector. However, rather than listing these contributions in detail, the gaps in the rules have been emphasized as a way to improve gaps and become the basis for further drafts of policy and legislation. Accordingly, some of the rules in the study are set out in this book. Generally, in this book, an effort has been made to explore various legal documents and to look at other legal frameworks of other countries to identify potential legal provisions and procedures that could have prevented the growth of agriculture. As a result of this study, the negative impact of agricultural development was not only the legal gaps, but also the inability to properly interpret existing laws. This does not mean that the laws are absolute. But this gap in the laws played a role in accelerating agricultural growth. Accordingly, the major activities that need to be sustained for the sustainable development of agriculture are identified.
Intellectual property right (IPR) is a broad term which describes the protections granted to the creators of IP, and includes; trademarks, copy right, patents, industrial designs, plant breeder’s traderight and in some jurisdictions... more
Intellectual property right (IPR) is a broad term which describes the protections granted to the creators of IP, and includes; trademarks, copy right, patents, industrial designs, plant breeder’s traderight and in some jurisdictions secrets. The objective of this review is to show the status, challenges, and opportunities for agricultural technologies intellectual protection in the Ethiopian intellectual property regime. There are many agricultural technologies that have the potential to be protected by intellectual property. The results of this review article shows that there are several challenges for the protection of agricultural technologies IPR, including lack of awareness on the concept of IP, lack of clear policy direction for the protection of plant varieties, absence of IP assets creation mechanism, low level of institutional linkage among stakeholders, agricultural IPRs are complex in nature, poor organizational structure to register, and lack of experienced and well-qualified IP officials. But there are also prospects for agricultural technologies IPR protection. Some legal frameworks are in the process of revision, an independent authority for the agriculture sector has established, the Ministry of Agriculture has prepared the draft regulation for PBRs proclamation, amendment of the agricultural and rural development policy has in the process, and the country’s WTO accession process shows some improvement. In conclusion, the status of IP protection for agricultural technologies has not been well-developed and the registration of agricultural technologies is still null.