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Blanca Gallo

University of the Basque Country, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Química Analítica, Department Member

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Cristina Marinello

Pierre-louis Teissedre

Michaël Jourdes

Université de Bordeaux

Çukurova University

Manuel Alejandro Cruz Suárez

Pierre-Louis Teissedre

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Papers by Blanca Gallo

A Liposomal Formulation to Exploit the Bioactive Potential of an Extract from Graciano Grape Pomace

Antioxidants

Antioxidant compounds with health benefits can be found in food processing residues, such as grap... more Antioxidant compounds with health benefits can be found in food processing residues, such as grape pomace. In this study, antioxidants were identified and quantified in an extract obtained from Graciano red grape pomace via a green process. The antioxidant activity of the extract was assessed by the DPPH and FRAP tests, and the phenolic content by the Folin–Ciocalteu test. Furthermore, nanotechnologies were employed to produce a safe and effective formulation that would exploit the antioxidant potential of the extract for skin applications. Anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols and flavanols were the main constituents of the grape pomace extract. Phospholipid vesicles, namely liposomes, were prepared and characterized. Cryo-TEM images showed that the extract-loaded liposomes were predominantly spherical/elongated, small, unilamellar vesicles. Light scattering results revealed that the liposomes were small (~100 nm), homogeneously dispersed, and stable during storage. The non-toxicity of the li...

Untargeted Metabolomic Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Fingerprinting of Apple Cultivars for the Identification of Biomarkers Related to Resistance to Rosy Apple Aphid

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Polyphenol Profile and Quantitative Assessment of the Flavonoid Kaempferitrin in Wild and Cultivated Brazilian Amazonian Uncaria guianensis (Rubiaceae)

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2021

The Amazonian Rubiaceae species Uncaria guianensis (UG) is locally used as antiinflammatory, anti... more The Amazonian Rubiaceae species Uncaria guianensis (UG) is locally used as antiinflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-ulcers, and others. The phenolic content of its leaves is characterized by the great predominance of the flavonoid kaempferol-3,7-O-(α)-L-dirhamnoside (kaempferitrin). The present study quantitatively evaluates the kaempferitrin content in the leaves and branches of cultivated and wild UG specimens collected in different locations of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest by employing high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Besides, the understanding of the polyphenol profile performed by electron spray ionization is deepened by tandem mass spectrometry analysis (ESI-MS/MS), using a previously approached leaf UG extract, and the flavonoid quercetin-3,7-O-(α)-L-dirhamnoside was first isolated from UG. All samples showed quite similar qualitative polyphenol profiles. Kaempferitrin in UG ranged from 1.1 to 1.9 mg 100 mg-1 for d...

Iridoid glucosides from the stems of three bioactive Brazilian Faramea species (Rubiaceae)

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2019

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Content in Commercial Spanish Fatty Foods

Journal of Food Protection, 2004

The levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by reversed-phase high-perf... more The levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection in different fatty foods from a Spanish market. The average concentration of the sum of total PAHs in edible vegetable oils was below 25 ng/g, whereas the sum of heavy PAHs did not surpass 5 ng/g. Olive pomace oils obtained before the summer of 2001 were an exception because they were highly contaminated. The effects of different technological processes, such as bleaching, deodorization, and hydrogenation, on PAH concentration in edible oils have been studied. The PAH profiles, as well as the influence of cooking procedures, of other fatty foods (margarine, mayonnaise, and oils from canned fishes) have been examined.

The behaviour of thienotriazolodiazepine drugs in acidic medium. Kinetics of hydrolysis of brotizolam

Die Pharmazie, 1988

ABSTRACT

Biopharmacological data and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of 1,4-benzodiazepines in biological fluids: A review

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 1992

A review with 123 references on the analysis of 1,4-benzodiazepines in biological samples using H... more A review with 123 references on the analysis of 1,4-benzodiazepines in biological samples using HPLC is presented. Some important physico-chemical and biopharmacological data for the development of analytical methods are collected. Different methods of sample pretreatment, chromatographic conditions and detection systems are discussed.

Interaction between glutathione and ampicillin: An a.c. polarographic method

Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, 1983

The interaction of glutathione with ampicillin was investigated by a new a.c. polarographic proce... more The interaction of glutathione with ampicillin was investigated by a new a.c. polarographic procedure. Ampicillin was found to interact strongly with glutathione. The stability constants were ascertained from the polarographic data, and the free energy change, ?Go, the enthalpy change, ?Ho, and the entropy change, ?So, of the interaction were computed from the data at different temperatures. The introduction of the polarographic method to the study of interactions between molecules of biological significance (other than metal-ion complexes), and the possibility of GSH binding to ampicillin in vivo are the principal contributions of this work.

Metabolomic profile and computational analysis for the identification of the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of the traditional medicinal plants Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum tenuiflorum

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum tenuiflorum are two basil species widely used medicinally as an anti-... more Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum tenuiflorum are two basil species widely used medicinally as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and cardioprotective agent. This study focuses on the chemical characterization of the majoritarian compounds of both species and their anti-inflammatory potential. Up to 22 compounds such as various types of salvianolic acids, derivatives of rosmaniric acid and flavones were identified in both plants. The identified compounds were very similar between both plants and are consistent with previous finding in other studies in Portugal and Italy. Based on the identified molecules a consensus target prediction was carried out. Among the main predicted target proteins, we found a high representation of the carbonic anhydrase family (CA2, CA7 and CA12) and several key proteins from the arachidonic pathway (LOX5, PLA2, COX1 and COX2). Both pathways are well related to inflammation. The interaction between the compounds and these targets were explored through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Our results suggest that some molecules present in both plants can induce an anti-inflammatory response through a non-steroidal mechanism of action connected to the carbon dioxide metabolism.

Formation and evolution profiles of anthocyanin derivatives and tannins during fermentations and aging of red wines

European Food Research and Technology, 2019

The target of this paper is the study of anthocyanin and tannin extraction from red grape during ... more The target of this paper is the study of anthocyanin and tannin extraction from red grape during maceration, the formation of new pigments, and the evolution profiles of anthocyanin derivatives and tannins during the alcoholic and malolactic fermentations and aging in oak barrels and steel vats. 2 anthocyanins, 38 anthocyanin derivatives and 37 tannins were monitored. Formation of all classes of anthocyanin derivatives starts quickly after anthocyanin extraction from grape. Their maximum levels are reached a few days after apex of anthocyanins during maceration/alcoholic fermentation. Indirect condensation derivatives showed less stable behavior than that of the direct flavanol-anthocyanin products during fermentations and aging. Within pyranoanthocyanins, vitisin B had more instability than vitisin A. Extraction of tannins from grape occurs slower than that of anthocyanins. Major tannins are procyanidin homodimers with B bond (45% of total tannins after fermentations), followed by monomers (around 25%) and mixed B dimers (more than 10%). Tannins suffer a general continuous decrease during aging, with increasing relevance of more oxygenated tannins as aging advances. Fermentations are crucial stages in the formation of anthocyanin derivatives. In contrast, aging causes a continuous degradation for nearly all classes of anthocyanin derivatives and tannins, with a more stable behavior for some of them. Thus, establishing with confidence which enological conditions favor each type of derivative during fermentation is an important goal for future research. This work studies many individual compounds, involves exhaustive sampling and covers the different winemaking stages at an industrial winemaking scale, contributing to a more complete vision.

Acid catalyzed hydrolysis of brotizolam, a thienotriazolodiazepine: Spectroscopic study

Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1988

Application of chitosan to cobalt recovery: Evaluation by factorial design of experiments

Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1987

ABSTRACT

Chemometric Characterization of Fruit Juices from Spanish Cultivars According to Their Phenolic Compound Contents: I. Citrus Fruits

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2012

Improvement using chemometrics in ion mobility coupled to mass spectrometry as a tool for mass spectrometry fragmentation studies: Flavonoid aglycone cases

Analytica Chimica Acta, 2013

A chemometric method for the treatment of ion mobility coupled to mass spectrometry (IMS/MS) data... more A chemometric method for the treatment of ion mobility coupled to mass spectrometry (IMS/MS) data is proposed as a complementary tool for obtaining experimental evidence for the study of MS fragmentations, which can provide a direct and automatable methodology for characterising ionic series and the hierarchy of all product ions of an MS spectrum. Two MS/MS with ion mobility experiments have been designed: in the first, the intrinsic mobility of each ion is estimated, and in the second experiment, distributions of the ionic intensity of product ions fragmented after IMS separations are recorded. These mobilograms are aligned using the coshift algorithm and mathematically fitted using Classical Least Squares (CLS) to determine the mobility contributions from their precursor ions. Despite some limitations when studying low intensity ions and ions with similar ion mobility, CLS fitting improves the usage of IMS coupled with accurate mass spectrometry as a complementary tool in the study of MS fragmentation mechanisms and more notably, it offers an automatable and efficient alternative to MS3 experiments.

Electrochemical behavior of triazolobenzodiazepine derivatives

Electroanalysis, 1994

The electrochemical behavior of two novel triazolobenzodiazepines (adinazolam and U43,465F) has b... more The electrochemical behavior of two novel triazolobenzodiazepines (adinazolam and U43,465F) has been studied in the pH range 3 to 13.5. Both compounds are reduced on the dropping mercur). electrode and yield one reduction wave attributed to the azomethine group. The two-electron transfer is polarographically reversible. However, the transfer is followed by a fast conversion of the electrolysis product by a chemical reaction with an irreversible global process. A weak adsorption of the reactant has been observed under certain conditions. Quantitative analysis has been performed, showing that adinazolam and U43,465F can be determined up to 1.1 X polarograp hy.

New features on the fragmentation and differentiation ofC-glycosidic flavone isomers by positive electrospray ionization and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2008

Six flavone mono-C-glucosides, four standards (beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --&amp;amp;amp;amp;am... more Six flavone mono-C-glucosides, four standards (beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; C-6)- and -(1 --&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; C-8)- apigenin and luteolin) and two others from lemon juice (beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; C-6)- and -(1 --&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; C-8)-diosmetin) have been studied in order to analyze their fragmentation patterns. Initial separation was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC/DAD) coupled to an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Several systematic differences between collision-induced dissociation tandem mass (CID-MS/MS) spectra of C-6- and C-8-isomers have been found and some general guidelines and two new diagnostic product ions have been proposed for the differentiation of C-6- and C-8-flavonoid glycosides. These results have been successfully applied to the characterization of two flavone C-glycosides found in lemon juice, and mass spectra of a flavone di-C-glycoside detected in lemon juice have been studied and interpreted.

Solid-phase extraction of 1,4-benzodiazepines from biological fluids

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 1993

The solid-phase extraction (SPE) of seven 1,4-benzodiazepines (oxazepam, diazepam, temazepam, nor... more The solid-phase extraction (SPE) of seven 1,4-benzodiazepines (oxazepam, diazepam, temazepam, nordazepam, brotizolam, adinazolam and midazolam) using prazepam as internal standard was investigated. The 1,4-benzodiazepines were recovered from an aqueous buffer of suitable pH, using C18 Sep-Pak cartridges and mixtures of methanol-water as elution solvent. The recovery of oxazepam using different sorbent materials (C2, C8, C18, cyanopropyl, phenyl and cyclohexyl Bond-Elut) was also examined as a function of pH and the composition of the elution solvent. The SPE of oxazepam was investigated using spiked urine samples and the C2 cartridge gave rise to the cleanest urine extracts. The recoveries of the other 1,4-benzodiazepines from spiked urine and plasma samples using the C2 cartridge was then found to be higher than 90%, without any interference from endogenous compounds of the samples. Finally, the influence of other factors such as drug concentration, sample volume and the number of times the SPE cartridge had been used was also examined.

Imágenes de Histología animal para Secundaria y Bachillerato

Investigacion Y Didactica Para Las Aulas Del Siglo Xxi Experiencias Docentes Y Estrategias De Innovacion Educativa Para La Ensenanza De La Biologia Y La Geologia Actas Del I Congreso De Docentes De Ciencias De La Naturaleza 2011 Isbn 978 84 680 0377 1 Pags 165 169, 2011

espanolHemos creado un material educativo con imagenes de microscopia optica de los TEJIDOS ANIMA... more espanolHemos creado un material educativo con imagenes de microscopia optica de los TEJIDOS ANIMALES para la Ensenanza Secundaria y Bachillerato. Se trata de un trabajo disenado con una doble finalidad: 1. El profesor dispone de un recurso didactico para su clase presencial, y 2. Los estudiantes pueden utilizar identico material, para su estudio personal posterior. La bibliografia y enlaces webs presentados completan los contenidos explicados por el profesor y facilitan un aprendizaje, a medida de las capacidades y dedicacion de cada alumno. El ritmo y nivel de interiorizacion de cada estudiante son, por ello, absolutamente personales. EnglishIn this project, have been developed a didactic material on digital format with images of optical microscopy about the ANIMAL TISSUES, specially dedicated for the High School Education. This archive have been made with a double aim: First, the professor has an outline for their lectures; and secondly, the students would have the same didactical material as they use in the lectures, for studying afterwards. The bibliography and the recommended weblinks presented could also complete some contents explained by the professor along their lectures.

Encapsulation of apple polyphenols in β-CD nanosponges

Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry, 2014

ABSTRACT Rutin, phloridzin and chlorogenic acid are some of the most important and characteristic... more ABSTRACT Rutin, phloridzin and chlorogenic acid are some of the most important and characteristic polyphenols found in apples and their by-products (cider, apple juice, apple pomace, etc.). Despite their antioxidant power, their low stability under light or heating conditions restricts the use of this kind of molecules as nutraceuticals. To deal with this issue, encapsulation seems to be an alternative solution. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that β-cyclodextrin nanosponges (β-CD NS) are promising agents for the encapsulation of polyphenols. Rutin, phloridzin and chlorogenic acid have been included for the first time in β-CD NS in this work. In particular, the highest encapsulation efficiency for rutin (83.7 %) was obtained using 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole as cross-linker in a 1:3 ratio (nanosponge/cross-linker). However, for smaller molecules as phloridzin and chlorogenic acid, the nanosponge which showed the best results was the one with HMDI in a 1:8 ratio (87.2 and 77.5 %, respectively). In vitro dissolution studies of encapsulated polyphenols showed that rutin and phloridzin are better dissolved in ethanol, while chlorogenic acid is better dissolved in water. Besides, TGA, DSC, FTIR and XRPD were used as characterization techniques. Individual polyphenols and nanosponges, equimolar physical mixtures and synthesized complexes were characterized. Taking into account the obtained results, it can be confirmed that the solid products were not physical mixtures, but inclusion complexes. Thus, using these encapsulating agents, other polyphenols from apple and its by-products could be encapsulated in order to enhance their bioavailability.

Spectrophotometric Study of Acid-Base Equilibrium of a Thienotriazolodiazepine, Brotizolam, Determination in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Analytical Letters, 1986

Brotizolam is a psychotropic drug, derived from the Thieno-triazolodiazepine family, which has se... more Brotizolam is a psychotropic drug, derived from the Thieno-triazolodiazepine family, which has sedative and hypnotic properties. In this work, a spectrophotometric study has been carried out to determine the acid-base equilibrium, the pka value being obtained, as well as to develop a method for the determination of this compound in pharmaceutical formulations.

A Liposomal Formulation to Exploit the Bioactive Potential of an Extract from Graciano Grape Pomace

Antioxidants

Antioxidant compounds with health benefits can be found in food processing residues, such as grap... more Antioxidant compounds with health benefits can be found in food processing residues, such as grape pomace. In this study, antioxidants were identified and quantified in an extract obtained from Graciano red grape pomace via a green process. The antioxidant activity of the extract was assessed by the DPPH and FRAP tests, and the phenolic content by the Folin–Ciocalteu test. Furthermore, nanotechnologies were employed to produce a safe and effective formulation that would exploit the antioxidant potential of the extract for skin applications. Anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols and flavanols were the main constituents of the grape pomace extract. Phospholipid vesicles, namely liposomes, were prepared and characterized. Cryo-TEM images showed that the extract-loaded liposomes were predominantly spherical/elongated, small, unilamellar vesicles. Light scattering results revealed that the liposomes were small (~100 nm), homogeneously dispersed, and stable during storage. The non-toxicity of the li...

Untargeted Metabolomic Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Fingerprinting of Apple Cultivars for the Identification of Biomarkers Related to Resistance to Rosy Apple Aphid

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Polyphenol Profile and Quantitative Assessment of the Flavonoid Kaempferitrin in Wild and Cultivated Brazilian Amazonian Uncaria guianensis (Rubiaceae)

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2021

The Amazonian Rubiaceae species Uncaria guianensis (UG) is locally used as antiinflammatory, anti... more The Amazonian Rubiaceae species Uncaria guianensis (UG) is locally used as antiinflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-ulcers, and others. The phenolic content of its leaves is characterized by the great predominance of the flavonoid kaempferol-3,7-O-(α)-L-dirhamnoside (kaempferitrin). The present study quantitatively evaluates the kaempferitrin content in the leaves and branches of cultivated and wild UG specimens collected in different locations of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest by employing high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Besides, the understanding of the polyphenol profile performed by electron spray ionization is deepened by tandem mass spectrometry analysis (ESI-MS/MS), using a previously approached leaf UG extract, and the flavonoid quercetin-3,7-O-(α)-L-dirhamnoside was first isolated from UG. All samples showed quite similar qualitative polyphenol profiles. Kaempferitrin in UG ranged from 1.1 to 1.9 mg 100 mg-1 for d...

Iridoid glucosides from the stems of three bioactive Brazilian Faramea species (Rubiaceae)

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2019

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Content in Commercial Spanish Fatty Foods

Journal of Food Protection, 2004

The levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by reversed-phase high-perf... more The levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection in different fatty foods from a Spanish market. The average concentration of the sum of total PAHs in edible vegetable oils was below 25 ng/g, whereas the sum of heavy PAHs did not surpass 5 ng/g. Olive pomace oils obtained before the summer of 2001 were an exception because they were highly contaminated. The effects of different technological processes, such as bleaching, deodorization, and hydrogenation, on PAH concentration in edible oils have been studied. The PAH profiles, as well as the influence of cooking procedures, of other fatty foods (margarine, mayonnaise, and oils from canned fishes) have been examined.

The behaviour of thienotriazolodiazepine drugs in acidic medium. Kinetics of hydrolysis of brotizolam

Die Pharmazie, 1988

ABSTRACT

Biopharmacological data and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of 1,4-benzodiazepines in biological fluids: A review

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 1992

A review with 123 references on the analysis of 1,4-benzodiazepines in biological samples using H... more A review with 123 references on the analysis of 1,4-benzodiazepines in biological samples using HPLC is presented. Some important physico-chemical and biopharmacological data for the development of analytical methods are collected. Different methods of sample pretreatment, chromatographic conditions and detection systems are discussed.

Interaction between glutathione and ampicillin: An a.c. polarographic method

Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, 1983

The interaction of glutathione with ampicillin was investigated by a new a.c. polarographic proce... more The interaction of glutathione with ampicillin was investigated by a new a.c. polarographic procedure. Ampicillin was found to interact strongly with glutathione. The stability constants were ascertained from the polarographic data, and the free energy change, ?Go, the enthalpy change, ?Ho, and the entropy change, ?So, of the interaction were computed from the data at different temperatures. The introduction of the polarographic method to the study of interactions between molecules of biological significance (other than metal-ion complexes), and the possibility of GSH binding to ampicillin in vivo are the principal contributions of this work.

Metabolomic profile and computational analysis for the identification of the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of the traditional medicinal plants Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum tenuiflorum

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum tenuiflorum are two basil species widely used medicinally as an anti-... more Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum tenuiflorum are two basil species widely used medicinally as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and cardioprotective agent. This study focuses on the chemical characterization of the majoritarian compounds of both species and their anti-inflammatory potential. Up to 22 compounds such as various types of salvianolic acids, derivatives of rosmaniric acid and flavones were identified in both plants. The identified compounds were very similar between both plants and are consistent with previous finding in other studies in Portugal and Italy. Based on the identified molecules a consensus target prediction was carried out. Among the main predicted target proteins, we found a high representation of the carbonic anhydrase family (CA2, CA7 and CA12) and several key proteins from the arachidonic pathway (LOX5, PLA2, COX1 and COX2). Both pathways are well related to inflammation. The interaction between the compounds and these targets were explored through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Our results suggest that some molecules present in both plants can induce an anti-inflammatory response through a non-steroidal mechanism of action connected to the carbon dioxide metabolism.

Formation and evolution profiles of anthocyanin derivatives and tannins during fermentations and aging of red wines

European Food Research and Technology, 2019

The target of this paper is the study of anthocyanin and tannin extraction from red grape during ... more The target of this paper is the study of anthocyanin and tannin extraction from red grape during maceration, the formation of new pigments, and the evolution profiles of anthocyanin derivatives and tannins during the alcoholic and malolactic fermentations and aging in oak barrels and steel vats. 2 anthocyanins, 38 anthocyanin derivatives and 37 tannins were monitored. Formation of all classes of anthocyanin derivatives starts quickly after anthocyanin extraction from grape. Their maximum levels are reached a few days after apex of anthocyanins during maceration/alcoholic fermentation. Indirect condensation derivatives showed less stable behavior than that of the direct flavanol-anthocyanin products during fermentations and aging. Within pyranoanthocyanins, vitisin B had more instability than vitisin A. Extraction of tannins from grape occurs slower than that of anthocyanins. Major tannins are procyanidin homodimers with B bond (45% of total tannins after fermentations), followed by monomers (around 25%) and mixed B dimers (more than 10%). Tannins suffer a general continuous decrease during aging, with increasing relevance of more oxygenated tannins as aging advances. Fermentations are crucial stages in the formation of anthocyanin derivatives. In contrast, aging causes a continuous degradation for nearly all classes of anthocyanin derivatives and tannins, with a more stable behavior for some of them. Thus, establishing with confidence which enological conditions favor each type of derivative during fermentation is an important goal for future research. This work studies many individual compounds, involves exhaustive sampling and covers the different winemaking stages at an industrial winemaking scale, contributing to a more complete vision.

Acid catalyzed hydrolysis of brotizolam, a thienotriazolodiazepine: Spectroscopic study

Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1988

Application of chitosan to cobalt recovery: Evaluation by factorial design of experiments

Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1987

ABSTRACT

Chemometric Characterization of Fruit Juices from Spanish Cultivars According to Their Phenolic Compound Contents: I. Citrus Fruits

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2012

Improvement using chemometrics in ion mobility coupled to mass spectrometry as a tool for mass spectrometry fragmentation studies: Flavonoid aglycone cases

Analytica Chimica Acta, 2013

A chemometric method for the treatment of ion mobility coupled to mass spectrometry (IMS/MS) data... more A chemometric method for the treatment of ion mobility coupled to mass spectrometry (IMS/MS) data is proposed as a complementary tool for obtaining experimental evidence for the study of MS fragmentations, which can provide a direct and automatable methodology for characterising ionic series and the hierarchy of all product ions of an MS spectrum. Two MS/MS with ion mobility experiments have been designed: in the first, the intrinsic mobility of each ion is estimated, and in the second experiment, distributions of the ionic intensity of product ions fragmented after IMS separations are recorded. These mobilograms are aligned using the coshift algorithm and mathematically fitted using Classical Least Squares (CLS) to determine the mobility contributions from their precursor ions. Despite some limitations when studying low intensity ions and ions with similar ion mobility, CLS fitting improves the usage of IMS coupled with accurate mass spectrometry as a complementary tool in the study of MS fragmentation mechanisms and more notably, it offers an automatable and efficient alternative to MS3 experiments.

Electrochemical behavior of triazolobenzodiazepine derivatives

Electroanalysis, 1994

The electrochemical behavior of two novel triazolobenzodiazepines (adinazolam and U43,465F) has b... more The electrochemical behavior of two novel triazolobenzodiazepines (adinazolam and U43,465F) has been studied in the pH range 3 to 13.5. Both compounds are reduced on the dropping mercur). electrode and yield one reduction wave attributed to the azomethine group. The two-electron transfer is polarographically reversible. However, the transfer is followed by a fast conversion of the electrolysis product by a chemical reaction with an irreversible global process. A weak adsorption of the reactant has been observed under certain conditions. Quantitative analysis has been performed, showing that adinazolam and U43,465F can be determined up to 1.1 X polarograp hy.

New features on the fragmentation and differentiation ofC-glycosidic flavone isomers by positive electrospray ionization and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2008

Six flavone mono-C-glucosides, four standards (beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --&amp;amp;amp;amp;am... more Six flavone mono-C-glucosides, four standards (beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; C-6)- and -(1 --&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; C-8)- apigenin and luteolin) and two others from lemon juice (beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; C-6)- and -(1 --&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; C-8)-diosmetin) have been studied in order to analyze their fragmentation patterns. Initial separation was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC/DAD) coupled to an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Several systematic differences between collision-induced dissociation tandem mass (CID-MS/MS) spectra of C-6- and C-8-isomers have been found and some general guidelines and two new diagnostic product ions have been proposed for the differentiation of C-6- and C-8-flavonoid glycosides. These results have been successfully applied to the characterization of two flavone C-glycosides found in lemon juice, and mass spectra of a flavone di-C-glycoside detected in lemon juice have been studied and interpreted.

Solid-phase extraction of 1,4-benzodiazepines from biological fluids

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 1993

The solid-phase extraction (SPE) of seven 1,4-benzodiazepines (oxazepam, diazepam, temazepam, nor... more The solid-phase extraction (SPE) of seven 1,4-benzodiazepines (oxazepam, diazepam, temazepam, nordazepam, brotizolam, adinazolam and midazolam) using prazepam as internal standard was investigated. The 1,4-benzodiazepines were recovered from an aqueous buffer of suitable pH, using C18 Sep-Pak cartridges and mixtures of methanol-water as elution solvent. The recovery of oxazepam using different sorbent materials (C2, C8, C18, cyanopropyl, phenyl and cyclohexyl Bond-Elut) was also examined as a function of pH and the composition of the elution solvent. The SPE of oxazepam was investigated using spiked urine samples and the C2 cartridge gave rise to the cleanest urine extracts. The recoveries of the other 1,4-benzodiazepines from spiked urine and plasma samples using the C2 cartridge was then found to be higher than 90%, without any interference from endogenous compounds of the samples. Finally, the influence of other factors such as drug concentration, sample volume and the number of times the SPE cartridge had been used was also examined.

Imágenes de Histología animal para Secundaria y Bachillerato

Investigacion Y Didactica Para Las Aulas Del Siglo Xxi Experiencias Docentes Y Estrategias De Innovacion Educativa Para La Ensenanza De La Biologia Y La Geologia Actas Del I Congreso De Docentes De Ciencias De La Naturaleza 2011 Isbn 978 84 680 0377 1 Pags 165 169, 2011

espanolHemos creado un material educativo con imagenes de microscopia optica de los TEJIDOS ANIMA... more espanolHemos creado un material educativo con imagenes de microscopia optica de los TEJIDOS ANIMALES para la Ensenanza Secundaria y Bachillerato. Se trata de un trabajo disenado con una doble finalidad: 1. El profesor dispone de un recurso didactico para su clase presencial, y 2. Los estudiantes pueden utilizar identico material, para su estudio personal posterior. La bibliografia y enlaces webs presentados completan los contenidos explicados por el profesor y facilitan un aprendizaje, a medida de las capacidades y dedicacion de cada alumno. El ritmo y nivel de interiorizacion de cada estudiante son, por ello, absolutamente personales. EnglishIn this project, have been developed a didactic material on digital format with images of optical microscopy about the ANIMAL TISSUES, specially dedicated for the High School Education. This archive have been made with a double aim: First, the professor has an outline for their lectures; and secondly, the students would have the same didactical material as they use in the lectures, for studying afterwards. The bibliography and the recommended weblinks presented could also complete some contents explained by the professor along their lectures.

Encapsulation of apple polyphenols in β-CD nanosponges

Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry, 2014

ABSTRACT Rutin, phloridzin and chlorogenic acid are some of the most important and characteristic... more ABSTRACT Rutin, phloridzin and chlorogenic acid are some of the most important and characteristic polyphenols found in apples and their by-products (cider, apple juice, apple pomace, etc.). Despite their antioxidant power, their low stability under light or heating conditions restricts the use of this kind of molecules as nutraceuticals. To deal with this issue, encapsulation seems to be an alternative solution. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that β-cyclodextrin nanosponges (β-CD NS) are promising agents for the encapsulation of polyphenols. Rutin, phloridzin and chlorogenic acid have been included for the first time in β-CD NS in this work. In particular, the highest encapsulation efficiency for rutin (83.7 %) was obtained using 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole as cross-linker in a 1:3 ratio (nanosponge/cross-linker). However, for smaller molecules as phloridzin and chlorogenic acid, the nanosponge which showed the best results was the one with HMDI in a 1:8 ratio (87.2 and 77.5 %, respectively). In vitro dissolution studies of encapsulated polyphenols showed that rutin and phloridzin are better dissolved in ethanol, while chlorogenic acid is better dissolved in water. Besides, TGA, DSC, FTIR and XRPD were used as characterization techniques. Individual polyphenols and nanosponges, equimolar physical mixtures and synthesized complexes were characterized. Taking into account the obtained results, it can be confirmed that the solid products were not physical mixtures, but inclusion complexes. Thus, using these encapsulating agents, other polyphenols from apple and its by-products could be encapsulated in order to enhance their bioavailability.

Spectrophotometric Study of Acid-Base Equilibrium of a Thienotriazolodiazepine, Brotizolam, Determination in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Analytical Letters, 1986

Brotizolam is a psychotropic drug, derived from the Thieno-triazolodiazepine family, which has se... more Brotizolam is a psychotropic drug, derived from the Thieno-triazolodiazepine family, which has sedative and hypnotic properties. In this work, a spectrophotometric study has been carried out to determine the acid-base equilibrium, the pka value being obtained, as well as to develop a method for the determination of this compound in pharmaceutical formulations.