Papers by Aintzane Armentia
Applied Sciences
Distributed computing paradigms have evolved towards low latency and highly virtualized environme... more Distributed computing paradigms have evolved towards low latency and highly virtualized environments. Fog Computing, as its latest iteration, enables the usage of Cloud-like services closer to the generators and consumers of data. The processing in this layer is performed by Fog Applications, which are decomposed into smaller components following the microservice paradigm and encapsulated into containers. Current state-of-the-art container orchestrators can manage hundreds of simultaneous containers. However, Kubernetes, being the de facto standard, does not consider the application itself as a top-level entity, which limits its orchestration capabilities. This raises the need to rearchitect Kubernetes to benefit from application-awareness, which refers to an orchestration method optimized for managing the applications and the set of components that comprise them. Thus, this paper proposes an application-aware and OpenFog-compliant architecture that manages applications as first-lev...
An industrial agent-based customizable platform for I4.0 manufacturing systems
Computers in Industry
Multi-agent system based decentralized scheduling for fog orchestrators
[Resumen] La computación en la niebla (fog computing) es un paradigma que aprovecha, por una part... more [Resumen] La computación en la niebla (fog computing) es un paradigma que aprovecha, por una parte, la reducción que se produce en las latencias al acercar la infraestructura de computación a los dispositivos que recopilan datos, y, por otra parte, las funciones de alta capacidad de almacenamiento y procesamiento de la nube. La computación en la niebla puede usarse para mejorar la capacidad de control de los procesos de automatización mediante la introducción de un bucle de control de alto nivel: Fog-in-the-Loop (FIL). FIL permite capturar datos de la planta, procesarlos para extraer información de valor añadido y retroalimentar la planta. Por lo tanto, las aplicaciones FIL son aplicaciones sensibles al contexto que requieren el despliegue de componentes distribuidos y la reconfiguración dinámica. Este artículo describe un planificador para el orquestador Kubernetes (K8s) que distribuye la tarea de planificación entre los nodos de procesamiento mediante un sistema multiagente. Este nuevo enfoque de planificación demostró ser más rápido que el enfoque de planificación centralizado utilizado por el planificador por defecto de K8s.[Abstract] Fog computing is a paradigm that takes advantage of the fast response times of moving the computing infrastructure closer to the devices that collect the data, and the storage and processing features of the cloud. Fog computing can be used to improve the controllability of automation processes by introducing a higher-level control loop: Fog-in-the-loop (FIL). FIL allows capturing data from the plant, processing it to extract value-added information and feedback actions to the plant. Therefore, FIL applications are context-aware applications that require the deployment of distributed components and dynamic reconfiguration. This paper describes a custom scheduler for Kubernetes (K8s) orchestrator that distributes the scheduling task among the processing nodes by means of a multi-agent system. This new scheduling approach proved to be faster than the centralized scheduling approach used by the default scheduler of K8s.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; RTI2018-096116-B-I00UPV/EHU; PES17/48Gobierno Vasco; IT1324-19Gobierno Vasco; KK-2018/0010
XLIII Jornadas de Automática: libro de actas: 7, 8 y 9 de septiembre de 2022, Logroño (La Rioja)
El concepto de fábrica inteligente puede empezar a cimentarse mediante una red de Sistemas Ciber-... more El concepto de fábrica inteligente puede empezar a cimentarse mediante una red de Sistemas Ciber-Físicos (CPS) interconectados. La abstracción y/o virtualización de los activos de fabricación en cuanto a sus funcionalidades, proporcionadas como servicios, es una condición necesaria para materializar el concepto de CPS. Éste es el enfoque seguido por RAMI 4.0, en el que el concepto del Componente I4.0 juega un papel fundamental para convertir cualquier activo de fabricación en un CPS. Los agentes industriales constituyen una solución adecuada para implementar Componentes I4.0. En este sentido, existen arquitecturas y prácticas recomendadas que permiten articular metodologías para la implementación de Componentes I4.0 mediante agentes. Este trabajo describe cómo se pueden llevar a la práctica esas metodologías mediante la propuesta de acciones concretas para la implementación de un Componente I4.0 de una estación de ensamblado integrada en una plataforma de gestión de aplicaciones de ...
Supporting Product Oriented Manufacturing: Fault Tolerance
Comunicación presentada a las XXXIX Jornadas de Automática, celebradas en Badajoz del 5 al 7 de S... more Comunicación presentada a las XXXIX Jornadas de Automática, celebradas en Badajoz del 5 al 7 de Septiembre de 2018 y organizada por la Universidad de Extremadura.La fabricación orientada al producto está completamente alineada con una de las tendencias de la Industria 4.0 que consiste en la integración de todos los sistemas de producción. Esto implica una transición desde un punto de vista tradicional de los procesos, centrados en líneas de producción con el objetivo de reducir costes, a uno más flexible capaz de producir productos personalizados. Por otra parte, los Sistema Multi Agente se caracterizan por su carácter inteligente y distribuido, así como por su capacidad de negociación para conseguir sus objetivos y se han aplicado ampliamente en entornos de fabricación. Los trabajos relacionados demuestran su aplicabilidad en entornos flexibles. Por ello, son candidatos muy adecuados para implementar planes de fabricación cambiantes y personalizados. Sin embargo, un aspecto clave es ofrecer metodologías y herramientas que soporten la implementación de dichos sistemas. En este artículo se presenta una arquitectura multi-agente para fabricación inteligente y se ilustra su flexibilidad para el caso de fallos de recursos de fabricación, dando pautas y plantillas para la implementación de aplicaciones concretas.Product oriented manufacturing is aligned with one of the Industry 4.0 trends consisting of integrating all production systems. This implies shifting from a traditional view of manufacturing processes, focused on production line in order to reduce costs, to a more flexible and customized product manufacturing. On the other hand, Multi Agent Systems (MAS) are characterized by their smart and distribute nature as well as their negotiation capacity in order to achieve their objectives. MAS systems have been widely used in flexible environments where related works valídate their use. That is why they are a suitable approach for implementing customized and dynamically changing manufacturing plans. However, a key aspect is to offer methodologies and tools for supporting the implementation of such systems. In this paper, a flexible manufacturing supporting architecture is presented and its flexibility is illustrated for the case of resource failures. Procedures and templates are also given in order to implement specific applications.Unión Europea, MINECO/FEDER. Proyecto DPI2015-68602-R (, UE) UPV/EHU. Proyecto PPGI17/56 y GV/EJ bajo el grupo de investigación reconocido IT914-16.peerReviewe
Actas de las XXXIX Jornadas de Automática, Badajoz, 5-7 de Septiembre de 2018, 2020
Distributed scheduling in Kubernetes based on MAS for Fog-in-the-loop applications
2019 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), 2019
With cloud computing gaining momentum in industrial environments, the next step seems to move the... more With cloud computing gaining momentum in industrial environments, the next step seems to move the computing infrastructure closer to the devices that collect the data at plant level. Fog computing is a paradigm that takes advantage of the fast response times of working relatively close to the plant, and the storage, processing and availability features of the cloud. Fog computing can be used to improve the controllability of automation processes by introducing a higher-level control loop: Fog-in-the-loop (FIL). FIL allows capturing data from the plant, processing it to extract information and feedback actions to the plant based on the processing results. Therefore, FIL applications are context-aware applications that require the deployment of distributed components and dynamic reconfiguration. In this context, we are involved in a project that aims at integrating a model-based, multipurpose Multi-Agent System (MAS) platform with a containerized application orchestrator to meet the requirements of Fog-in-the-loop applications. Specifically, this paper describes a custom scheduler for Kubernetes orchestrator that distributes the scheduling task among the processing nodes by means of the MAS. This new scheduling approach proved to be faster than the centralized scheduling approach used by the default scheduler of K8s.
Article Flexibility Support for Homecare Applications Based on Models and Multi-Agent Technology
† These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: In developed countries, public health... more † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: In developed countries, public health systems are under pressure due to the increasing percentage of population over 65. In this context, homecare based on ambient intelligence technology seems to be a suitable solution to allow elderly people to continue to enjoy the comforts of home and help optimize medical resources. Thus, current technological developments make it possible to build complex homecare applications that demand, among others, flexibility mechanisms for being able to evolve as context does (adaptability), as well as avoiding service disruptions in the case of node failure (availability). The solution proposed in this paper copes with these flexibility requirements through the whole life-cycle of the target applications: from design phase to runtime. The proposed domain modeling approach allows medical staff to design customized applications, taking into account the adaptability needs. It also guides software developers during system implementation. The application execution is managed by a multi-agent based middleware, making it possible to meet adaptation requirements, assuring at the same time the availability of the system even for stateful applications.
IEEE Access, 2021
Context-aware applications present common requirements (e.g., heterogeneity, scalability, adaptab... more Context-aware applications present common requirements (e.g., heterogeneity, scalability, adaptability, availability) in a variety of domains (e.g., healthcare, natural disaster prevention, smart factories). Besides, they do also present domain specific requirements, among which the application concept itself is included. Therefore, a platform in charge of managing their execution must be generic enough to cover common requirements, but it must also be adaptable enough to consider the domain aspects to meet the demands at application-level. Several approaches in the literature tackle some of these demands, but not all of them, and without considering the applications concept and the customization demands in different domains. This work proposes a generic and customizable management architecture that covers both types of requirements based on multi-agent technology and model-driven development. Multi-agent technology is used to enable the distributed intelligence needed to address many common requirements, whereas model-driven development allows to address domain specific particularities. On top of that, a customization methodology to develop specific platforms from this generic architecture is also presented. This methodology is assessed by means of a case study in the domain of eHealthCare. Finally, the performance of MAS-RECON is compared with the most popular tool for the orchestration of containerized applications. INDEX TERMS Application-centric management, application-driven adaptability, context-aware applications, customizable management architecture, multi-agent systems, stateful availability.
XL Jornadas de Automática: libro de actas (Ferrol, 4-6 de septiembre de 2019), 2020
Actas de las XXXIX Jornadas de Automática, Badajoz, 5-7 de Septiembre de 2018, 2020
Uno de los retos de la Industry 4.0 es disponer de sistemas de fabricacion mas flexibles y eficac... more Uno de los retos de la Industry 4.0 es disponer de sistemas de fabricacion mas flexibles y eficaces, que permitan fabricar productos cada vez mas personalizados, adaptados a la demanda de los clientes. Esto unido a que esta flexibilidad se logre a un precio competitivo ha llevado al concepto de maquina modular. La maquina se concibe como un conjunto de componentes mecatronicos que incluye una parte fisica (mecanica, electrica y electronica), y el software y hardware necesario para controlarla. Estos componentes pueden fabricarse en serie. Diferentes combinaciones de componentes mecatronicos permiten fabricar maquinas que se adaptan a las demandas del cliente. Este articulo propone un modelo para la maquina modular a partir cual es posible generar de forma automatica el proyecto TIA Portal, utilizando tecnologias XML.
A Tool Suite for Automatic Generation of Modular Machine Automation Projects
2018 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), 2018
Global competition has resulted in changes on product demand which have to be managed by current ... more Global competition has resulted in changes on product demand which have to be managed by current manufacturing systems. In this context, modularity seems to be a suitable solution to provide manufacturing systems with the flexibility required to adapt to demand fluctuations when they occur, maintaining thus competitiveness and productivity. In concrete, machine modularity allows modifying a machine structure but it should be accomplished easily and rapidly. The current work proposes a model-driven methodology that allows modular machine definition and the automatic generation of the corresponding automation project, including the machine hardware configuration and its control software. It is based on the use of eXtensible Markup Language (XML) format and technologies for both model definition and code generation. The methodology has been implemented as a tool suite whose proof of concept has been developed for the particular case of the Siemens Totally Integrated Automation Portal (TIA Portal) PLC programming tool.
Applied Sciences, 2021
The continuous changes of the market and customer demands have forced modern automation systems t... more The continuous changes of the market and customer demands have forced modern automation systems to provide stricter Quality of service (QoS) requirements. This work is centered in automation production system flexibility, understood as the ability to shift from one controller configuration to a different one, in the most quick and cost-effective way, without disrupting its normal operation. In the manufacturing field, this allows to deal with non-functional requirements such as assuring control system availability or workload balancing, even in the case of failure of a machine, components, network or controllers. Concretely, this work focuses on flexible applications at production level, using Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) as primary controllers. The reconfiguration of the control system is not always possible as it depends on the process state. Thus, an analysis of the system state is necessary to make a decision. In this sense, architectures based on industrial Multi Agent...
A Multi-Agent Based Approach to Support Adaptability in Home Care Applications
IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2015
ABSTRACT
Achieving reconfigurable service oriented applications using Model Driven Engineering
ETFA2011, 2011
Service Oriented architectures are becoming very popular to meet the requirements of complex curr... more Service Oriented architectures are becoming very popular to meet the requirements of complex current applications demanding distribution and heterogeneity in open environments. In this sense, the iLANDARTEMIS project is aimed at the development of a service-based middleware framework capable of supporting deterministic dynamic functional composition and reconfiguration of networked embedded service oriented applications. The approach proposed in this paper uses
XLIII Jornadas de Automática: libro de actas: 7, 8 y 9 de septiembre de 2022, Logroño (La Rioja)
Este trabajo presenta el diseño de una experiencia docente en el ámbito de la sostenibilidad que ... more Este trabajo presenta el diseño de una experiencia docente en el ámbito de la sostenibilidad que se está llevando a cabo en el grado de Ingeniería en Electrónica Industrial y Automática, en la Escuela de Ingeniería de Vitoria-Gasteiz, UPV/EHU (EIVG). Se plantea un problema que experimenta directamente el alumnado, consistente en optimizar el grado de confort térmico en el edificio de la EIVG y al mismo tiempo reducir el gasto energético. Este problema se analizará en diferentes asignaturas del grado desde múltiples perspectivas y permitirá construir un hilo conductor para: (1) presentar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), (2) concienciar de su importancia al alumnado y presentar acciones concretas, (3) analizar un problema de forma multidisciplinar y (4) visualizar cómo aplicar los conocimientos adquiridos en los futuros retos profesionales. La experiencia docente se realizará por medio de acciones que aplicarán metodologías activas en diferentes asignaturas, que cubren to...
MAS-RECON. Middleware reconfigurable basado en multiagentes
Actas de las XXXVII Jornadas de Automática 7, 8 y 9 de septiembre de 2016, Madrid
Los avances tecnológicos en el ámbito del control y la automatización han permitido la puesta en ... more Los avances tecnológicos en el ámbito del control y la automatización han permitido la puesta en marcha de las llamadas aplicaciones sensibles al contexto. Estas aplicaciones demandan flexibilidad para evolucionar a medida que lo haga el contexto (adaptabilidad), así como para evitar interrupciones del servicio en el caso de fallos en nodos (disponibilidad). La solución propuesta en este trabajo hace frente, entre otros, a estos requisitos de flexibilidad mediante un middleware basado en multiagentes que además de cumplir con los requisitos de adaptabilidad asegura la disponibilidad del sistema incluso para aplicaciones con estado.
Supporting Product Oriented Manufacturing: a Model Driven and Agent based Approach
2018 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)
Diseño basado en modelos de aplicaciones FOG como workflow de microservicios
XLII JORNADAS DE AUTOMÁTICA : LIBRO DE ACTAS
La irrupción de la Industria 4.0 ha dado lugar a integraciones con tecnologías innovadoras, las c... more La irrupción de la Industria 4.0 ha dado lugar a integraciones con tecnologías innovadoras, las cuales permiten el desarrollo de aplicaciones que utilizan datos recogidos desde la planta para optimizar los procesos industriales. En un principio, estas aplicaciones se desplegaron en la nube. Sin embargo, por problemas de latencia y seguridad, la niebla ha surgido como un nuevo paradigma, con capacidades similares a la nube, pero más cerca de los activos de planta. El despliegue de aplicaciones en la niebla ha sido un tema de discusión creciente. No obstante, a pesar de que diferentes autores conciben las aplicaciones según la misma lógica (como un flujo dirigido de componentes), no se ha presentado una solución global. Así, los autores proponen un enfoque genérico basado en modelos para la definición de aplicaciones de computación en la niebla.
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Papers by Aintzane Armentia