Books by Fabio Giomi
Routledge, 2022
Since the 1980s, neoliberals have openly contested the idea that the state should protect the soc... more Since the 1980s, neoliberals have openly contested the idea that the state should protect the socio-economic well-being of its citizens, making ‘privatization’ their mantra. Yet, as historians and social scientists have shown, welfare has always been a ‘mixed economy’, wherein private and public actors dynamically interacted, collaborating or competing with each other in the provision of welfare services. This book will be of interest to students, scholars and practitioners of welfare by developing three innovative approaches. Firstly, it illuminates the productive nature of public/private entanglements. Far from amounting to a zero-sum game, the interactions between the two sectors have changed over time what welfare encompasses, its contents and targets, often engendering the creation of new fields of intervention. Secondly, this book departs from a well-established tradition of comparison between Western nation-states by using and mixing various scales of analysis (local, national, international and global) and by covering case studies from Spain to Poland and France to Greece in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Thirdly, this book goes beyond state centrism in welfare studies by bringing back a host of public and private actors, from municipalities to international organizations, from older charities to modern NGOs.
Central European University Press, 2021
This social, cultural, and political history of Slavic Muslim women of the Yugoslav region in the... more This social, cultural, and political history of Slavic Muslim women of the Yugoslav region in the first decades of the post-Ottoman era is the first to provide a comprehensive overview of the issues confronting these women. It is based on a study of voluntary associations (philanthropic, cultural, Islamic-revivalists, and feminist) of the period.
It is broadly held that Muslim women were silent and relegated to a purely private space until 1945, when the communist state “unveiled” and “liberated” them from the top down. After systematic archival research in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Croatia, Fabio Giomi challenges this view by showing: how different sectors of the Yugoslav elite through association publications, imagined the role of Muslim women in post-Ottoman times, how Muslim women took part in the construction or the contestation of these narratives; how associations employed different means in order to forge a generation of “New Muslim Women” able to cope with the post-Ottoman political and social circumstances; and how Muslim women used the tools provided by the associations in order to pursue their own projects, aims and agendas. The insights are relevant for today’s challenges facing Muslim women in Europe. The text is illustrated with exceptional photographs.
An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched (KU): https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/47863
“Giomi’s book provides an outstanding and original exploration of Balkan political and social history with an accent on the uncharted histories of Bosnian Muslim women. The author presents a unique narrative and engages with the complexities of everyday realities by paying closer attention to the role of non-state actors in shaping ‘the Muslim woman question.’ Through detailed archival records completed with primary and secondary sources, Giomi illustrates the historical journey that brought Bosnian Muslim women out of their traditional private context and demonstrates how women took an active part in articulating their own needs concerns.” Krassimira Daskalova, Professor of Modern History, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Bulgaria
“A well-framed, systematic investigation into what the archives tell us about Muslim women’s lives in Bosnia-Herzegovina between the end of Ottoman rule and the onset of World War II. Without romanticizing or downplaying the extent of control exerted on women by the prevailing gender regime of the time, Giomi’s study shows in vivid, contextualized detail how Muslim women also did not conform to orientalist and Balkanist stereotypes of silenced, oppressed, and invisible figures. By highlighting these community and individual efforts at improving Muslim women’s lives and educational access well before the establishment of socialist Yugoslavia, this book further breaks down the myth that the legal reforms and banning of the face veil by the Yugoslav state unilaterally ‘liberated’ Muslim women and the Bosnian Muslims as a whole.” Elissa Helms, Associate Professor, Department of Gender Studies, Central European University, Vienna
Morlacchi Editorie , 2021
Questo volume raccoglie dodici saggi dedicati ad Armando Pitassio, uno dei maggiori storici dell’... more Questo volume raccoglie dodici saggi dedicati ad Armando Pitassio, uno dei maggiori storici dell’Europa orientale e balcanica in Italia, per molti anni legato all’Università di Perugia. Essi offrono uno spaccato dei suoi principali temi di ricerca, che hanno spaziato dalla storia politica a quella culturale, dagli studi urbani a quelli sui movimenti sociali. Nella loro diversità, i contributi di questo libro permettono di esplorare la cangiante relazione fra religione, nazione e Stato, nonché il rapporto che lega i cambiamenti politici alla scrittura della storia in Europa dal XIX al XXI secolo. A tal fine, essi prestano una grande attenzione alle categorie del pensiero, tanto a quelle utilizzate dagli attori sociali del passato quanto a quelle forgiate dalla comunità degli storici in epoca contemporanea. L’Europa orientale e balcanica tratteggiata in questo volume risulta quindi essere una regione dinamica e aperta, attraversata incessantemente da flussi di persone, idee e beni, parte integrante e motore della modernità europea.
I.B. Tauris, 2019
Usually Kemalism is seen as a program of reforms or an ideology imposed by the founder of modern ... more Usually Kemalism is seen as a program of reforms or an ideology imposed by the founder of modern Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, after he came to power in 1923. Indeed, since the early 1930s, the Turkish state endeavoured to impose a monolithic definition of the term, connected to the development of the personality cult of Mustafa Kemal himself.
However, this book argues that Kemalism can only be fully understood from a transnational perspective. The national frame is not the only appropriate scale of analysis for shedding light on the process of the nationalization of societies and nationalism itself. In the same way, the Turkish national lens is not necessarily the most adequate one for understanding the genesis and evolution of what Kemalism stood for from the early 1920s onward. Thus, without denying the role of Turkish state and non-state actors in making Kemalism a global symbolic product, the aim of this book is to observe how the latter was elaborated through complex patterns of circulation inside and outside of Turkey.
Featuring case studies from across the post-Ottoman space and using new primary source research, each chapter examines the different ways in which national borders forged, refracted and transformed the label “Kemalism”. Across the Balkans and the Middle East, the volume investigates six different topics (language, alphabet, woman, law, dress, and Orientalism) in six areas during the interwar period (Turkey, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Albania, Yugoslavia, and Egypt). The focus is on how the objects in circulation were transformed in the very process of circulation, and how they came to assume different significations and forms in various time-space configurations.
Journal articles by Fabio Giomi
European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire, 2019
Articles & Book Chapters by Fabio Giomi
From the Highlands to Hollywood. Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Southeastern Europe / Festschrift for Karl Kaser and SEEHA, Siegfried Gruber, Dominik Gutmeyr, Sabine Jesner, Elife Krasniqi, Robert Pichler, Christian Promitzer (eds.), LIT Zürich, 2020
Hannes Grandits, Xavier Bougarel, Nathalie Clayer, Fabio Giomi, “Patriarchal and Heroic Re- and D... more Hannes Grandits, Xavier Bougarel, Nathalie Clayer, Fabio Giomi, “Patriarchal and Heroic Re- and Deconstructions. A Tribute to and Critical Reflections on Four Books of Karl Kaser”, in From the Highlands to Hollywood. Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Southeastern Europe / Festschrift for Karl Kaser and SEEHA,
Siegfried Gruber, Dominik Gutmeyr, Sabine Jesner, Elife Krasniqi, Robert Pichler, Christian Promitzer (eds.), LIT Zürich, 2020, p. 65-85.
Passato e Presente, 2020
According to an established scholarship, the history of interwar Yugoslavia can be mainly interpr... more According to an established scholarship, the history of interwar Yugoslavia can be mainly interpreted through the lens of the national question and authoritarianism. This contribution aims at challenging this view, stressing how this country was also the stage of innovative forms of governance, shaped by complex interactions between state and non-state actors. What emerges is an original Yugoslav response to the crisis of European liberalism.
![Research paper thumbnail of « Islam et genre en Europe, XIXe-XXIe siècles », Encyclopédie pour une histoire nouvelle de l'Europe [en ligne]](https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg)
Encyclopédie pour une histoire nouvelle de l'Europe, 2019
Si l’Europe abrite aujourd’hui d’importantes populations musulmanes, c’est le fruit d’une histoir... more Si l’Europe abrite aujourd’hui d’importantes populations musulmanes, c’est le fruit d’une histoire contemporaine au cours de laquelle à la présence ottomane sur une partie du continent se sont ajoutés la domination coloniale des puissances européennes et ses effets sur les migrations économiques. Trois aspects de la relation entre genre, islam et Europe sont ici étudiés : en premier lieu, les systèmes de représentations bâtis par les élites culturelles européennes au sujet des musulmans, et leurs variations en fonction de la classe, de la race et du genre ; en deuxième lieu, les politiques des États-nations envers leurs populations musulmanes, qui oscillent entre assimilation et stigmatisation selon les époques et les lieux, ainsi que les réponses des élites musulmanes, jonglant entre tentation communautariste et intégration dans des communautés nationales plus vastes ; enfin, la capacité d’agir des musulman.e.s d’Europe, qui se traduit dans la variété de leurs discours et pratiques de genre.
Encyclopédie pour une histoire nouvelle de l'Europe [online], 2019
Europe is today home to major Muslim populations because of a modern history in which the Ottoman... more Europe is today home to major Muslim populations because of a modern history in which the Ottoman presence over a part of the continent was accompanied by colonial domination of European powers, with its subsequent effects on economic migrations. Here we will examine three aspects of the relation between gender, Islam, and Europe. First, we will concentrate on the systems of representation built by European cultural elites with respect to Muslims, as well as their variation according to class, race, and gender. Second, we will broach the policies of nation states toward their Muslim populations, which have fluctuated between assimilation and stigmatization depending on the period and location, in addition to the responses of Muslim elites who juggled between religion-based community building and integration within broader national communities. Finally, we will concentrate on the ability to act of Europe’s Muslims, which is reflected in the variety of their gender discourses and practices.
European Review of History, 2019
This article addresses the activities of Gajret, the most important Muslim cultural association i... more This article addresses the activities of Gajret, the most important Muslim cultural association in the Yugoslav space of the first half of the twentieth century. Established in 1903 in Sarajevo, the association managed in its four decades of existence to involve thousands of activists of both sexes in its activities, and to organize a network of local branches reaching even beyond the borders of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Initially established to provide scholarships for Muslim male pupils, the association gradually diversified its activities, published journals and books, provided literacy and handiwork courses, established student dorms and workshops, and much more. The text will focus on two aspects of the association’s life: firstly, its relationship with the state authorities, and how this relationship shifted over time, from cooperation, to opposition, to co-optation. Secondly, the article will focus on the association’s gender agenda, discourses and practices, with a special focus on Muslim women. At the intersection between these two research questions, the thesis of this article posits that Gajret’s self-civilizing project aimed to foster new generations of modern, nationally aware Muslim men and women capable of playing an active role in the emerging Yugoslav middle class.
Keywords: Islam, nationalism, gender, Bosnia and Herzegovina, post-Ottoman
This article focuses on the public writings of Muslim women in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Habs... more This article focuses on the public writings of Muslim women in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Habsburg period. From the beginning of the twentieth century, several Muslim women, mainly schoolgirls and teachers at Sarajevo’s Muslim Female School, started for the first time to write for Bosnian literary journals, using the Serbo-Croatian language written in Latin or Cyrillic scripts. Before the beginning of World War I, a dozen Muslim women explored different literary genres—the poem, novel, and social commentary essay. In the context of the expectations of a growing Muslim intelligentsia educated in Habsburg schools and of the anxieties of the vast majority of the Muslim population, Muslim women contested late Ottoman gender norms and explored, albeit timidly, new forms of sisterhood, thus making an original contribution to the construction of a Bosnian, post-Ottoman public sphere.
Clio. Femmes, Genre, Histoire. 48, 2018
Dans cet état de la recherche, nous avons conjugué avec Fabio Giomi (CETOBaC, CNRS) nos connaissa... more Dans cet état de la recherche, nous avons conjugué avec Fabio Giomi (CETOBaC, CNRS) nos connaissances sur deux aires géographiques et culturelles : des Balkans et de l’Europe du Sud-Est pour la part de Fabio Giomi et l’histoire de l’Empire ottoman tardif et de la Turquie républicaine, de ma part. Il a ainsi été possible de tracer une cartographie commune des études de genre dans l’espace post-ottoman. Nous y présentons la production historiographique anglophone et francophone, en prenant en compte les études publiées dans les langues de ces régions auxquelles nous avons accès. Nous avons ainsi pu proposer un parcours à travers différentes historiographies sur le genre que nous avons structuré en quatre axes : « Entre politique et épistémologie » ; « de l’histoire du mouvement des femmes à une histoire sociale plurielle » ; « nation et nationalisme : genre, corps et sexualité » et « la fabrique des représentations. Orientalisme et balkanisme ». Une traduction en anglais de l'article est prévue pour 2020.
Fabio Giomi et Ece Zerman, « État de la recherche : Femmes, genre et corps dans l’Europe du Sud-Est et en Turquie, mi-XIXe-mi-XXe siècle » [State of the art : Women, gender and bodies in southeastern Europe and in Turkey, mid-XIXth-mid-XXth century] dans Clio. Femmes, Genre, Histoire, 48/2018, Genre et espace (post-)ottoman, p.153-179.
This article explores the entanglement of gender, education and empire in Bosnia and Herzegovina ... more This article explores the entanglement of gender, education and empire in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Habsburg period throughout the analysis of a unique institution: Sarajevo’s Muslim Female School. Established at the very end of the nineteenth century, this pedagogical institution was the only school in Austria-Hungary specifically devoted to Muslim girls. The article begins by presenting the development of the Habsburg Empire’s educational policy in Bosnia after 1878 and demonstrates that it was deeply bound with its imperial ‘civilising mission’. Through an analysis of the programmes taught at Sarajevo’s Muslim Female School, the article detects the model of ‘Hapsburg Muslim femininity’ promoted by this institution. By investigating the reports the teachers sent to the authorities, it explores how this school was perceived by the Muslim population. The last section is devoted to the schoolgirls’ experience of this school, and especially to their access to the written word.
Clio. Femmes, genre, histoire n°48, 2018
Catharina Raudvere (ed.), Nostalgia, Loss and Creativity in South-East Europe, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2018, 2018
This chapter explores Yugoslav Muslims’ view of Turkey in the interwar period. More precisely, th... more This chapter explores Yugoslav Muslims’ view of Turkey in the interwar period. More precisely, the chapter shows how imagining Turkey was a truly transnational venture—that is to say, conflicting discourses on Turkey and its inhabitants were fashioned through interactions among people, goods, and ideas happening largely across, and beyond, state borders. Trans/international and local at the same time, the act of imagining Turkey thus became a practice of reflection on several thorny issues affecting Muslim individual and collective trajectories, and of expressing anxieties and expectations concerning the place of Muslims in a post-Ottoman world.
Nathalie Clayer, Fabio Giomi, Emmanuel Szurek (eds.) Kemalism. Transnational Politics in the Post Ottoman World, I.B. Tauris, London & New York, 2019
Fabio Giomi, “Seduced by Gender Corporatism: Muslim Cultural Entrepreneurs and Kemalist Turkey in... more Fabio Giomi, “Seduced by Gender Corporatism: Muslim Cultural Entrepreneurs and Kemalist Turkey in Interwar Yugoslavia”, in Nathalie Clayer, Fabio Giomi, Emmanuel Szurek (eds.) Kemalism. Transnational Politics in the Post Ottoman World, I.B. Tauris, London & New York, 2019, pp. 178-216 + ERRATUM Figure 5.7
From the Mekteb to the state school. Gender, space and hierarchy in the education of Muslim Girls... more From the Mekteb to the state school. Gender, space and hierarchy in the education of Muslim Girls in Habsburg Sarajevo
Zabilježene – Žene i javni život Bosne i Hercegovine u 20. vijeku. Drugo, dopunjeno i izmijenjeno... more Zabilježene – Žene i javni život Bosne i Hercegovine u 20. vijeku. Drugo, dopunjeno i izmijenjeno izdanje
Sarajevo: Sarajevski otvoreni centar, Fondacija CURE (2014)
U ovom poglavlju ukratko će biti predstavljen period od početka Prvog svjetskog rata do početka D... more U ovom poglavlju ukratko će biti predstavljen period od početka Prvog svjetskog rata do početka Drugog svjetskog rata u Jugoslaviji 1941. godine u kontekstu djelovanja žena. Na samom početku dat je kratak pregled historijsko-društvenih okolnosti, a nakon toga prikaz ženskog udruživanja, prava za koja su se zalagale te faktora koji
su otežavali ili donekle olakšavali njihovo djelovanje. Također je dat osvrt na ekonomska, socijalna, obrazovna, građanska i ostala prava žena u ovom periodu, kao i na prilike u književnosti i pozorišnoj umjetnosti. U ovom poglavlju se prilikama u Prvom svjetskom ratu gotovo uopće ne bavimo uslijed nedostatka literature o tom periodu. Kako ne želimo da vrijeme izbriše i njihove biografije i doprinose, na kraju poglavlja navodimo sasvim kratko informacije o njihovom životu i radu, unaprijed žaleći što mnoge žene ovog perioda ni na stranicama ove knjige neće naći svoje mjesto.
Razmeđe koje će se ovdje obraditi tiče se smjene dvije imperije na prostoru Bosne i Hercegovine –... more Razmeđe koje će se ovdje obraditi tiče se smjene dvije imperije na prostoru Bosne i Hercegovine – otomanske i austrougarske. Naglasak će ipak biti na drugom segmentu s obzirom na obim i ciljeve knjige: ovdje se akcentuje određeni period ne težeći pri tom da se nivelišu drugi periodi s obzirom na složenost društvenog konteksta i uopće društvenog determinizma, a posebno ako imamo u vidu genealogiju okcidentalizma, orijentalizma i između njih ugniježđenog balkanizma. Kada govorimo o bh. ženi u periodu austrougarske uprave (bilo da govorimo o ženi kao takvoj, ženama kao posebnoj društvenoj grupi ili pak o ženama koje su se istakle u različitim domenima svoga rada ali i svakodnevice) ne možemo a da se ne osvrnemo na svojevrsni duh vremena na razmeđima različitih epoha.
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Books by Fabio Giomi
It is broadly held that Muslim women were silent and relegated to a purely private space until 1945, when the communist state “unveiled” and “liberated” them from the top down. After systematic archival research in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Croatia, Fabio Giomi challenges this view by showing: how different sectors of the Yugoslav elite through association publications, imagined the role of Muslim women in post-Ottoman times, how Muslim women took part in the construction or the contestation of these narratives; how associations employed different means in order to forge a generation of “New Muslim Women” able to cope with the post-Ottoman political and social circumstances; and how Muslim women used the tools provided by the associations in order to pursue their own projects, aims and agendas. The insights are relevant for today’s challenges facing Muslim women in Europe. The text is illustrated with exceptional photographs.
An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched (KU): https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/47863
“Giomi’s book provides an outstanding and original exploration of Balkan political and social history with an accent on the uncharted histories of Bosnian Muslim women. The author presents a unique narrative and engages with the complexities of everyday realities by paying closer attention to the role of non-state actors in shaping ‘the Muslim woman question.’ Through detailed archival records completed with primary and secondary sources, Giomi illustrates the historical journey that brought Bosnian Muslim women out of their traditional private context and demonstrates how women took an active part in articulating their own needs concerns.” Krassimira Daskalova, Professor of Modern History, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Bulgaria
“A well-framed, systematic investigation into what the archives tell us about Muslim women’s lives in Bosnia-Herzegovina between the end of Ottoman rule and the onset of World War II. Without romanticizing or downplaying the extent of control exerted on women by the prevailing gender regime of the time, Giomi’s study shows in vivid, contextualized detail how Muslim women also did not conform to orientalist and Balkanist stereotypes of silenced, oppressed, and invisible figures. By highlighting these community and individual efforts at improving Muslim women’s lives and educational access well before the establishment of socialist Yugoslavia, this book further breaks down the myth that the legal reforms and banning of the face veil by the Yugoslav state unilaterally ‘liberated’ Muslim women and the Bosnian Muslims as a whole.” Elissa Helms, Associate Professor, Department of Gender Studies, Central European University, Vienna
However, this book argues that Kemalism can only be fully understood from a transnational perspective. The national frame is not the only appropriate scale of analysis for shedding light on the process of the nationalization of societies and nationalism itself. In the same way, the Turkish national lens is not necessarily the most adequate one for understanding the genesis and evolution of what Kemalism stood for from the early 1920s onward. Thus, without denying the role of Turkish state and non-state actors in making Kemalism a global symbolic product, the aim of this book is to observe how the latter was elaborated through complex patterns of circulation inside and outside of Turkey.
Featuring case studies from across the post-Ottoman space and using new primary source research, each chapter examines the different ways in which national borders forged, refracted and transformed the label “Kemalism”. Across the Balkans and the Middle East, the volume investigates six different topics (language, alphabet, woman, law, dress, and Orientalism) in six areas during the interwar period (Turkey, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Albania, Yugoslavia, and Egypt). The focus is on how the objects in circulation were transformed in the very process of circulation, and how they came to assume different significations and forms in various time-space configurations.
Journal articles by Fabio Giomi
Articles & Book Chapters by Fabio Giomi
Siegfried Gruber, Dominik Gutmeyr, Sabine Jesner, Elife Krasniqi, Robert Pichler, Christian Promitzer (eds.), LIT Zürich, 2020, p. 65-85.
Keywords: Islam, nationalism, gender, Bosnia and Herzegovina, post-Ottoman
Fabio Giomi et Ece Zerman, « État de la recherche : Femmes, genre et corps dans l’Europe du Sud-Est et en Turquie, mi-XIXe-mi-XXe siècle » [State of the art : Women, gender and bodies in southeastern Europe and in Turkey, mid-XIXth-mid-XXth century] dans Clio. Femmes, Genre, Histoire, 48/2018, Genre et espace (post-)ottoman, p.153-179.
Sarajevo: Sarajevski otvoreni centar, Fondacija CURE (2014)
su otežavali ili donekle olakšavali njihovo djelovanje. Također je dat osvrt na ekonomska, socijalna, obrazovna, građanska i ostala prava žena u ovom periodu, kao i na prilike u književnosti i pozorišnoj umjetnosti. U ovom poglavlju se prilikama u Prvom svjetskom ratu gotovo uopće ne bavimo uslijed nedostatka literature o tom periodu. Kako ne želimo da vrijeme izbriše i njihove biografije i doprinose, na kraju poglavlja navodimo sasvim kratko informacije o njihovom životu i radu, unaprijed žaleći što mnoge žene ovog perioda ni na stranicama ove knjige neće naći svoje mjesto.
It is broadly held that Muslim women were silent and relegated to a purely private space until 1945, when the communist state “unveiled” and “liberated” them from the top down. After systematic archival research in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Croatia, Fabio Giomi challenges this view by showing: how different sectors of the Yugoslav elite through association publications, imagined the role of Muslim women in post-Ottoman times, how Muslim women took part in the construction or the contestation of these narratives; how associations employed different means in order to forge a generation of “New Muslim Women” able to cope with the post-Ottoman political and social circumstances; and how Muslim women used the tools provided by the associations in order to pursue their own projects, aims and agendas. The insights are relevant for today’s challenges facing Muslim women in Europe. The text is illustrated with exceptional photographs.
An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched (KU): https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/47863
“Giomi’s book provides an outstanding and original exploration of Balkan political and social history with an accent on the uncharted histories of Bosnian Muslim women. The author presents a unique narrative and engages with the complexities of everyday realities by paying closer attention to the role of non-state actors in shaping ‘the Muslim woman question.’ Through detailed archival records completed with primary and secondary sources, Giomi illustrates the historical journey that brought Bosnian Muslim women out of their traditional private context and demonstrates how women took an active part in articulating their own needs concerns.” Krassimira Daskalova, Professor of Modern History, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Bulgaria
“A well-framed, systematic investigation into what the archives tell us about Muslim women’s lives in Bosnia-Herzegovina between the end of Ottoman rule and the onset of World War II. Without romanticizing or downplaying the extent of control exerted on women by the prevailing gender regime of the time, Giomi’s study shows in vivid, contextualized detail how Muslim women also did not conform to orientalist and Balkanist stereotypes of silenced, oppressed, and invisible figures. By highlighting these community and individual efforts at improving Muslim women’s lives and educational access well before the establishment of socialist Yugoslavia, this book further breaks down the myth that the legal reforms and banning of the face veil by the Yugoslav state unilaterally ‘liberated’ Muslim women and the Bosnian Muslims as a whole.” Elissa Helms, Associate Professor, Department of Gender Studies, Central European University, Vienna
However, this book argues that Kemalism can only be fully understood from a transnational perspective. The national frame is not the only appropriate scale of analysis for shedding light on the process of the nationalization of societies and nationalism itself. In the same way, the Turkish national lens is not necessarily the most adequate one for understanding the genesis and evolution of what Kemalism stood for from the early 1920s onward. Thus, without denying the role of Turkish state and non-state actors in making Kemalism a global symbolic product, the aim of this book is to observe how the latter was elaborated through complex patterns of circulation inside and outside of Turkey.
Featuring case studies from across the post-Ottoman space and using new primary source research, each chapter examines the different ways in which national borders forged, refracted and transformed the label “Kemalism”. Across the Balkans and the Middle East, the volume investigates six different topics (language, alphabet, woman, law, dress, and Orientalism) in six areas during the interwar period (Turkey, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Albania, Yugoslavia, and Egypt). The focus is on how the objects in circulation were transformed in the very process of circulation, and how they came to assume different significations and forms in various time-space configurations.
Siegfried Gruber, Dominik Gutmeyr, Sabine Jesner, Elife Krasniqi, Robert Pichler, Christian Promitzer (eds.), LIT Zürich, 2020, p. 65-85.
Keywords: Islam, nationalism, gender, Bosnia and Herzegovina, post-Ottoman
Fabio Giomi et Ece Zerman, « État de la recherche : Femmes, genre et corps dans l’Europe du Sud-Est et en Turquie, mi-XIXe-mi-XXe siècle » [State of the art : Women, gender and bodies in southeastern Europe and in Turkey, mid-XIXth-mid-XXth century] dans Clio. Femmes, Genre, Histoire, 48/2018, Genre et espace (post-)ottoman, p.153-179.
Sarajevo: Sarajevski otvoreni centar, Fondacija CURE (2014)
su otežavali ili donekle olakšavali njihovo djelovanje. Također je dat osvrt na ekonomska, socijalna, obrazovna, građanska i ostala prava žena u ovom periodu, kao i na prilike u književnosti i pozorišnoj umjetnosti. U ovom poglavlju se prilikama u Prvom svjetskom ratu gotovo uopće ne bavimo uslijed nedostatka literature o tom periodu. Kako ne želimo da vrijeme izbriše i njihove biografije i doprinose, na kraju poglavlja navodimo sasvim kratko informacije o njihovom životu i radu, unaprijed žaleći što mnoge žene ovog perioda ni na stranicama ove knjige neće naći svoje mjesto.
Notwithstanding their temporal and spatial ubiquity, VAs/NGOs seem to have a number of unifying elements that make them identifiable: voluntary and selective membership, limited goals fixed in statutes, self-government with written rules, elected officers, decision making in regular meetings, compliance with the laws of the state but also autonomy from higher political bodies. Identified with a plethora of different names – Verein in German, cemiyet in Ottoman Turkish, udruženje, udruga, or društvo in the Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian language, združenje in the Slovenian language, etc. – associations emerged when this part of Europe was integrated into the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires. Already in this early period, the associations entered and structured the public space with a number of missions: promoting education, taking care of the poor, facilitating sport, leisure and festive cultures, modern agriculture, promoting religious or national values, struggling for gender equality, etc. Supported, controlled and/or hindered by the state, associations maintained their organizational networks in the post-imperial space, expanding during the period of constitutional parliamentarism and surviving through periods of autocracy and royal dictatorship, war and foreign occupation. Even the establishment of a socialist state, legitimized by the dictatorship of the proletariat, did not erase completely this eminently “bourgeois” institution, which has continued – at least to some extent – to coexist with state organizations. During and after the dissolution of Yugoslavia, voluntary associations – often known at this stage of the story as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) – continued to play a major role in the transformation of civil societies of the successor states.
In this second workshop, we would like to focus on one specific topic: the changing relationship between VAs/NGOs, the state and the family. According to traditional sociological views, civil society – and thus associations, as its most frequently evoked incarnation – are conceived as being opposed to both the state and the family, a sort of free space for collective agency escaping from the strictures of both kinship structures and of the state. More recently, scholars of civil society have convincingly shown the problems with drawing a clear-cut border between the state and VAs/NGOs, and tend to see this border as porous, shifting, and subject to negotiation. We thus ask: what kinds of relationships have VAs/NGOs in our region have with empires, states, and super-national actors (e.g. European Union)? How did this relationship – shifting among collaboration, collusion, and conflict – change over time? Is it somehow legitimate to speak, at least to some extent, about a “socialist civil society” or “fragments of civil society under Yugoslav socialism”? In what ways have states attempted to hinder, support, and/or coopt the activities of VAs/NGOs? In what ways have associations used the state to reinforce their legitimacy and to collect resources? Older scholarship on civil society placed VAs/NGOs in opposition to the family as well, a delineation that can likewise been called into question. How did kinship ties affect the membership and agendas of the associations? How did family networks affect access to associational decision making and the gendered division of associational labor?
With a view that will range from the imperial age to post-socialism, going through the interwar and socialist periods, this workshop aims to develop a cross-disciplinary conversation on the historical trajectory of the voluntary association in this part of Europe. Of particular interest to this workshop is the way in which voluntary associations also become implicated in relationships to states and empires, clientelistic practices, kinship ties, and the consolidation and politicization of collective identities. The workshop aims to privilege an actor-centered perspective, focusing on the trajectory of individual organizations across space and time.
Organised by Institute for Advanced Study & Department of Gender Studies - Central European University
Budapest 1051
Nador u. 9, Monument Building, Gellner Room
This two-day workshop aims to reflect on voluntary associations in the Yugoslav space from the XIX century to the present. More precisely, the goal is to put together scholars working in various disciplinary traditions having in common two features: an interest for the Yugoslav space, before, during and after the existence of a Yugoslav state; familiarity with the specific institution of the voluntary association. Notwithstanding their temporal and spatial ubiquity, associations seem to have a number of unifying elements that make them identifiable: voluntary and selective membership, limited goals fixed in statutes, self-government with written rules, elected officers, decision making in regular meetings, submission to the law of the state and autonomy from the control of some higher political body.
Identified with a plethora of different names – Verein in German, cemiyet in Ottoman Turkish, udruženje, udruga, or društvo in the Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian language, združenje in the Slovenian language, etc. – associations emerged in during the era of Empires, when this part of Europe was integrated in the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires. Already in this early period, the associations entered and structured the public space with a number of missions: enforcing education, taking care of the poor, disseminating sport, leisure and festive cultures, modern agriculture, enforcing religious or national values, obtaining gender equality, etc. Supported, controlled or hindered by the state, associations maintained their organizational networks in the post-imperial space, expanding during the period of constitutional parliamentarism and surviving through periods of autocracy and royal dictatorship, war and foreign occupation. Even the establishment of a socialist state, legitimized by the dictatorship of the proletariat, did not erase this eminently bourgeois institution, which has continued to coexist with state organizations. During and after the dissolution of Yugoslavia, voluntary associations – often known at this stage of the story as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) – continue to play a major role in the transformation of civil societies of the successor states.
Participants are asked to prepare ten minutes of reflections on how they see the development of voluntary associations from their particular disciplinary perspective and research focus. With particular emphasis on the Ottoman and Habsburg Empires, First Yugoslavia, NDH, Socialist Yugoslavia, and the post-Yugoslav states, this workshop aims to develop a cross-disciplinary conversation on the historical trajectory of the voluntary association in this part of Europe. Of particular interest to this workshop is the way in which voluntary associations also become implicated in relationships to states and empires, clientelistic practices, kinship ties, and the consolidation and politicization of collective identities. Thus, while we anticipate that participants will focus their comments on previous research, we also offer the following areas as suggestions for themes around which to build the conversation:
→ Local level “domestication:” How were associational forms and practices adapted to particular local situations, social norms, and physical space? Here we have in mind the ways in which associations operated in societies largely segregated along confessional and gender lines, or how contemporary NGOs have adapted models and discourses provided by donors and foreign institutions to fit local needs.
→ Associations in/and war: How did armed conflict affect the agendas, discourses, and possibilities of voluntary associations and how did these organizations contribute to particular wars in material or discursive ways?
→ Associations organized around identities and interests: What categories of identity and collective interests were mobilized through associations at different historical junctures (and not others)? How did associations contribute to the process of testing and contesting particular constructions of gendered, classed, national, and religious collectivities? How did associations participate in the visibility of such forms of collective expression in public arenas?
→ Associations and the state: Scholars of civil society have convincingly shown the problems with drawing a distinct border between the state and voluntary associations as the most frequently evoked materialization of civil society. What kinds of relationships have voluntary associations in our region had with states, empires, and state-like actors? In what ways have states attempted to hinder, support, and/or coopt the activities of voluntary associations?
→ Associations and family ties: Older definitions of civil society placed it not only in opposition to the state but also to the family, a delineation that can likewise been called into question. How did family and kinship ties affect membership, positions of power, agendas, and access to decision makers within associations, political structures, and economic actors? How were metaphors of family and familiarity mobilized in association discourses and practices?
Organised by Centre d’études turques, ottomanes,
balkaniques et centrasiatiques CETOBAC (EHESS-CNRS-Collège de France), Institut d’études de l’islam et des sociétés du monde musulman IISMM (EHESS), ANR Transtur
EHESS, 190-8 Avenue de France, Paris 75013
The CETOBAC and the IISMM invite proposals for the workshop Towards a Transnational History of Kemalism in the post-Ottoman Space beyond Turkey, to be held in Paris on December 8th and 9th, 2011. The workshop is committed to experts of the Balkans, Middle East and Maghreb who will discuss the ways of reception, adaptation and transformation of Kemalism beyond the frontiers of Turkey in the post-Ottoman space, in a transnational perspective.
Revue de 2 ouvrages / Review of 2 publications:
Florian Bieber, Dario Brentin (dir.), Social Movements in the Balkans. Rebellion and Protest from Maribor to Taksim, Londres, Routledge, 2018 |
Adam Fagan, Indraneel Sircar (dir.), Activist Citizenship in Southeast Europe, Londres, Routledge, 2018