1104 науковий співробітник відділу історичних пам'яток НДІУ Анотація. У статті на основі документ... more 1104 науковий співробітник відділу історичних пам'яток НДІУ Анотація. У статті на основі документального матеріалу cудових книг Волині XVI-XVII ст. проаналізовано сприйняття і важливість для представників шляхетського стану суду як інституції, що захищала у спільноті їхню честь і маєтність. Висвітлено соціальні зміни, що розпочалися у річпосполитському суспільстві після укладення Люблінської унії (1596 р.). Показано, що ці трансформації були загальноєвропейською тенденцією і визначалися змінами на політичному, економічному, соціальному, культурному і релігійному рівнях. Виокремлено критерії, на основі яких формувалися станові розбіжності у Речі Посполитій, і подано класифікацію судової системи держави, що включала поділ на політичне і цивільне судочинство. Зауважено, що поняття честі, свободи, права і вольності були визначальними для формування і становлення шляхетської корпорації. На прикладі чотирьох судових справ ґродських судів показано, як шляхтич трактував посягання на його статус, який вимагав від сторони-опонента відповідної етично-шанобливої поведінки попри конфліктність ситуації. Простежено, що аналогічної поваги шляхта вимагала і до своєї власності, яка була важливим елементом її місця у спільноті. Встановлено, що основним законодавчим джерелом, до якого шляхта воєводства зверталася із прагненнями зберегти свої права, були Литовські Статути, зокрема Другий, так званий Волинський Статут (1566 р.), який використовувався обома сторонами, і потерпілою, і відповідальною. При цьому не завжди справи вирішувалися справедливо на користь потерпілої сторони. У разі доброї юридичної обізнаності адвоката відповідальна сторона навіть у випадку явної винуватості могла досягти позитивного результату і виграти справу. Показано зв'язок між шляхетським сприйняттям права як системи кодифікаційних норм, що захищали шляхтича від зовнішніх небезпек і соціальних реалій, які побутували в Речі Посполитій, із позаправовими інструментами у стратифікованому суспільстві, де важливими були поняття осілості, патронально-клієнтельних взаємин і чітких знань особливостей функціонування правової системи.
The article raises the problem of enmity among the Volyn nobility in the second half of the 16th ... more The article raises the problem of enmity among the Volyn nobility in the second half of the 16th – the first half of the 17th century. The place of a nobleman in society, according to the early modern law is analyzed. It is indicated that on the territory of Europe at that time, and therefore also in Volyn, legislative bodies secured a privileged place for the nobility, protecting their personal freedoms and rights, which had a direct impact on the formation of the values of the noble community. It was emphasized that belonging to the society elite did not guarantee a safe and conflict-free life, which was closely related to noble needs that required constant contact with other members of society. The interpretations of the szlachta conflict in historiography are analyzed. It is stated that the majority of historians see the connection of this phenomenon with the nature of the early modern state, and with the features of the social order. The point of view according to which excessi...
The article analyzes early modern Europe's socio-economic processes, particularly trade in its in... more The article analyzes early modern Europe's socio-economic processes, particularly trade in its individual regions. The classical economic model according to which Eastern and Western Europe developed in different directions, with a focus on the industry and agriculture is considered. The legislation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth has been studied, namely, the Second Lithuanian Statute and the Seim Constitutions for the assessment of the involvement of gentry representatives in commerce. It is indicated that the activity of the Volyn gentry in the internal trade of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is due to both external changes in the market, primarily the demand for products from Eastern Europe, and the tendency observed on the continent when running a household became a business that made incomes grow. The general criticism in the intellectual circles of the trade activity of the gentry as such, which could lead to a certain deterioration of traditions, is analyzed. Man-knight and man-merchant intersections in the society of that time were acceptable if a nobleman traded in goods from his own estates and could prove it with an oath. The key areas of domestic trade of the Volyn gentry in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were analyzed in the article on the basis of documentary material of court books of Volyn of the XVI-XVII centuries and previously published sources of economic nature. The main range of goods sold and bought by the elite representatives was studied. The participation of the Volyn gentry in trade operations with the central centers of the Polish-Lithuanian economy and their involvement in local fairs and tradings was traced. The role of intermediaries, first of all, representatives of the Jewish community and peasants from the gentry folwarks, in the trade enterprise of the gentry is shown.
The article analyzes the approaches in modern Ukrainian historiography to coverage of the everyda... more The article analyzes the approaches in modern Ukrainian historiography to coverage of the everyday life problems of the early modern nobility. It is emphasized that the study of this problem has been tendentious and superficial for a long time. Attention is paid to the fact that in the 19th century it was due to the perception of the Commonwealth as a state of other nations, in which the Ukrainian nobility lost its identity and gradually assimilated with the Polish one. The 20th-century’s studies of this topic were significantly influenced by the historiography of the Soviet era, both because of the Marxist-Leninist research methodology and the limited communication with Western European scholars. It is pointed out that such interpretations and distancing from the history of the nobility had a negative effect on the study of the life realities of this community, and accordingly on the understanding of the characteristics of Ukrainian early modern times.The works of modern historians...
The article considers scholarly interpretations related to the urbanization process and its perio... more The article considers scholarly interpretations related to the urbanization process and its periodization, which may be different for Western and Eastern Europe and depend on the peculiarities of the society. The approaches and assessments common in Ukrainian historiography regarding the emergence and evolution of cities and the participation of the gentry in these processes are analyzed. It has been established that most of the city-founding initiatives in the early modern period in Volhynia were related to the activity of the nobility. The stages of founding cities, mutual influences during this process of the city and the village and the importance of the market as a factor that directly revived the new city are considered.In the article, based on the source material of the Volhynian record books of the 16th–17th centuries and previously published documents, several documents that certify the active participation of the gentry in the process of creating cities in the early modern...
1104 науковий співробітник відділу історичних пам'яток НДІУ Анотація. У статті на основі документ... more 1104 науковий співробітник відділу історичних пам'яток НДІУ Анотація. У статті на основі документального матеріалу cудових книг Волині XVI-XVII ст. проаналізовано сприйняття і важливість для представників шляхетського стану суду як інституції, що захищала у спільноті їхню честь і маєтність. Висвітлено соціальні зміни, що розпочалися у річпосполитському суспільстві після укладення Люблінської унії (1596 р.). Показано, що ці трансформації були загальноєвропейською тенденцією і визначалися змінами на політичному, економічному, соціальному, культурному і релігійному рівнях. Виокремлено критерії, на основі яких формувалися станові розбіжності у Речі Посполитій, і подано класифікацію судової системи держави, що включала поділ на політичне і цивільне судочинство. Зауважено, що поняття честі, свободи, права і вольності були визначальними для формування і становлення шляхетської корпорації. На прикладі чотирьох судових справ ґродських судів показано, як шляхтич трактував посягання на його статус, який вимагав від сторони-опонента відповідної етично-шанобливої поведінки попри конфліктність ситуації. Простежено, що аналогічної поваги шляхта вимагала і до своєї власності, яка була важливим елементом її місця у спільноті. Встановлено, що основним законодавчим джерелом, до якого шляхта воєводства зверталася із прагненнями зберегти свої права, були Литовські Статути, зокрема Другий, так званий Волинський Статут (1566 р.), який використовувався обома сторонами, і потерпілою, і відповідальною. При цьому не завжди справи вирішувалися справедливо на користь потерпілої сторони. У разі доброї юридичної обізнаності адвоката відповідальна сторона навіть у випадку явної винуватості могла досягти позитивного результату і виграти справу. Показано зв'язок між шляхетським сприйняттям права як системи кодифікаційних норм, що захищали шляхтича від зовнішніх небезпек і соціальних реалій, які побутували в Речі Посполитій, із позаправовими інструментами у стратифікованому суспільстві, де важливими були поняття осілості, патронально-клієнтельних взаємин і чітких знань особливостей функціонування правової системи.
The article raises the problem of enmity among the Volyn nobility in the second half of the 16th ... more The article raises the problem of enmity among the Volyn nobility in the second half of the 16th – the first half of the 17th century. The place of a nobleman in society, according to the early modern law is analyzed. It is indicated that on the territory of Europe at that time, and therefore also in Volyn, legislative bodies secured a privileged place for the nobility, protecting their personal freedoms and rights, which had a direct impact on the formation of the values of the noble community. It was emphasized that belonging to the society elite did not guarantee a safe and conflict-free life, which was closely related to noble needs that required constant contact with other members of society. The interpretations of the szlachta conflict in historiography are analyzed. It is stated that the majority of historians see the connection of this phenomenon with the nature of the early modern state, and with the features of the social order. The point of view according to which excessi...
The article analyzes early modern Europe's socio-economic processes, particularly trade in its in... more The article analyzes early modern Europe's socio-economic processes, particularly trade in its individual regions. The classical economic model according to which Eastern and Western Europe developed in different directions, with a focus on the industry and agriculture is considered. The legislation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth has been studied, namely, the Second Lithuanian Statute and the Seim Constitutions for the assessment of the involvement of gentry representatives in commerce. It is indicated that the activity of the Volyn gentry in the internal trade of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is due to both external changes in the market, primarily the demand for products from Eastern Europe, and the tendency observed on the continent when running a household became a business that made incomes grow. The general criticism in the intellectual circles of the trade activity of the gentry as such, which could lead to a certain deterioration of traditions, is analyzed. Man-knight and man-merchant intersections in the society of that time were acceptable if a nobleman traded in goods from his own estates and could prove it with an oath. The key areas of domestic trade of the Volyn gentry in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were analyzed in the article on the basis of documentary material of court books of Volyn of the XVI-XVII centuries and previously published sources of economic nature. The main range of goods sold and bought by the elite representatives was studied. The participation of the Volyn gentry in trade operations with the central centers of the Polish-Lithuanian economy and their involvement in local fairs and tradings was traced. The role of intermediaries, first of all, representatives of the Jewish community and peasants from the gentry folwarks, in the trade enterprise of the gentry is shown.
The article analyzes the approaches in modern Ukrainian historiography to coverage of the everyda... more The article analyzes the approaches in modern Ukrainian historiography to coverage of the everyday life problems of the early modern nobility. It is emphasized that the study of this problem has been tendentious and superficial for a long time. Attention is paid to the fact that in the 19th century it was due to the perception of the Commonwealth as a state of other nations, in which the Ukrainian nobility lost its identity and gradually assimilated with the Polish one. The 20th-century’s studies of this topic were significantly influenced by the historiography of the Soviet era, both because of the Marxist-Leninist research methodology and the limited communication with Western European scholars. It is pointed out that such interpretations and distancing from the history of the nobility had a negative effect on the study of the life realities of this community, and accordingly on the understanding of the characteristics of Ukrainian early modern times.The works of modern historians...
The article considers scholarly interpretations related to the urbanization process and its perio... more The article considers scholarly interpretations related to the urbanization process and its periodization, which may be different for Western and Eastern Europe and depend on the peculiarities of the society. The approaches and assessments common in Ukrainian historiography regarding the emergence and evolution of cities and the participation of the gentry in these processes are analyzed. It has been established that most of the city-founding initiatives in the early modern period in Volhynia were related to the activity of the nobility. The stages of founding cities, mutual influences during this process of the city and the village and the importance of the market as a factor that directly revived the new city are considered.In the article, based on the source material of the Volhynian record books of the 16th–17th centuries and previously published documents, several documents that certify the active participation of the gentry in the process of creating cities in the early modern...
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The key areas of domestic trade of the Volyn gentry in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were analyzed in the article on the basis of documentary material of court books of Volyn of the XVI-XVII centuries and previously published sources of economic nature. The main range of goods sold and bought by the elite representatives was studied. The participation of the Volyn gentry in trade operations with the central centers of the Polish-Lithuanian economy and their involvement in local fairs and tradings was traced. The role of intermediaries, first of all, representatives of the Jewish community and peasants from the gentry folwarks, in the trade enterprise of the gentry is shown.
The key areas of domestic trade of the Volyn gentry in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were analyzed in the article on the basis of documentary material of court books of Volyn of the XVI-XVII centuries and previously published sources of economic nature. The main range of goods sold and bought by the elite representatives was studied. The participation of the Volyn gentry in trade operations with the central centers of the Polish-Lithuanian economy and their involvement in local fairs and tradings was traced. The role of intermediaries, first of all, representatives of the Jewish community and peasants from the gentry folwarks, in the trade enterprise of the gentry is shown.