Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology, Dec 17, 2023
According to the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique, agriculture is recognized as the cor... more According to the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique, agriculture is recognized as the cornerstone of the country's development. However, the levels of production and productivity in this sector remain low. In response to this challenge, the Government established and implemented the District Development Fund (DDF) to provide financial support for economic activities, with a particular focus on agriculture (IBIS, 2010). Therefore, the goal of this research was to analyze the socioeconomic impact of the DDF on the beneficiary communities. To achieve this objective, semistructured interviews of 36 beneficiaries of DDF and unsystematic observations were conducted. The results indicated that all participants reported a significant increase, six times higher than before, in their agricultural production areas. This enhancement allowed for the expansion and diversification of agricultural products. The surplus generated from the sale of these products was
According to the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique, agriculture is recognized as the cor... more According to the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique, agriculture is recognized as the cornerstone of the country's development. However, the levels of production and productivity in this sector remain low. In response to this challenge, the Government established and implemented the District Development Fund (DDF) to provide financial support for economic activities, with a particular focus on agriculture (IBIS, 2010). Therefore, the goal of this research was to analyze the socioeconomic impact of the DDF on the beneficiary communities. To achieve this objective, semi-structured interviews of 36 beneficiaries of DDF and unsystematic observations were conducted. The results indicated that all participants reported a significant increase, six times higher than before, in their agricultural production areas. This enhancement allowed for the expansion and diversification of agricultural products. The surplus generated from the sale of these products was used for personal purposes, such as purchasing radios, telephones, school supplies for their children, and improving their housing conditions. Consequently, these improvements significantly enhanced the quality of life for those involved in agriculture. These findings strongly align with the objectives underlying the creation of the DDF and could serve as an exemplar for other districts within the country. In conclusion, it can be affirmed that the DDF has made significant contributions to improving the living conditions of the beneficiary population in the district of Vilankulo.
International Journal of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, 2019
Precise quantification of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is crucial for calculating crop wate... more Precise quantification of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is crucial for calculating crop water demand. Eight empirical methods based on temperature and six on solar radiation were evaluated against Penman-Monteith FAO 56 method based on: Mean Bias Error (MBE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Willmott coefficient ("d"), determination coefficient (R 2) and the Student's t-test. The meteorological data of Vilankulo district (maximum, minimum and medium temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and sunshine hours) were used and collected in the National Institute of Meteorology of Mozambique from 1979 to 2006. The results showed that Mak solar radiation method had the best efficiency (MBE =-0.03 mm day-1 ; RMSE = 0.28 mm day-1 ; "d" = 0.97 and R 2 = 0.98). When sunshine hours or global solar radiation are not measured in order to use Mak method, Schendel method can be an alternative which requires air temperature and relative humidity (MBE =-0.09 mm day-1 ; RMSE = 0.81 mm day-1 ; "d" = 0.84 and R 2 = 0.74). Both methods were not statistically different with PMF 56 method. The merit of this study stems from the fact that no similar study was conducted in Vilankulo district.
International Journal of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, 2019
Precise quantification of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is crucial for calculating crop wate... more Precise quantification of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is crucial for calculating crop water demand. Eight empirical methods based on temperature and six on solar radiation were evaluated against Penman-Monteith FAO 56 method based on: Mean Bias Error (MBE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Willmott coefficient ("d"), determination coefficient (R 2) and the Student's t-test. The meteorological data of Vilankulo district (maximum, minimum and medium temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and sunshine hours) were used and collected in the National Institute of Meteorology of Mozambique from 1979 to 2006. The results showed that Mak solar radiation method had the best efficiency (MBE =-0.03 mm day-1 ; RMSE = 0.28 mm day-1 ; "d" = 0.97 and R 2 = 0.98). When sunshine hours or global solar radiation are not measured in order to use Mak method, Schendel method can be an alternative which requires air temperature and relative humidity (MBE =-0.09 mm day-1 ; RMSE = 0.81 mm day-1 ; "d" = 0.84 and R 2 = 0.74). Both methods were not statistically different with PMF 56 method. The merit of this study stems from the fact that no similar study was conducted in Vilankulo district.
Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is useful for water management, calculating crop water require... more Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is useful for water management, calculating crop water requirements and irrigation scheduling. ETo was estimated from 5 empirical methods based on temperature, 5 based on solar radiation and on Machine Learning Technique (MLT). The MLT model consisted of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), with 6 architectures each. The MLT and empirical methods were tested against the Penman Monteith FAO 56 method based on the following
Para atingir os objetivos tracados, foram comparados os periodos de retorno (TR) das cheias obtid... more Para atingir os objetivos tracados, foram comparados os periodos de retorno (TR) das cheias obtidas de precipitacoes observadas em intervalos de cinco minutos numa serie historica de 30 anos recolhidas na estacao meteorologica do Centro de Ciencias Agrarias da Universidade Federal do Ceara, no Campus do Pici, em Fortaleza-CE, com periodos de retorno (TR) calculados a partir das cheias de projeto associadas a varios hietogramas sinteticos usuais para bacia hidrografica do Acude de Sitios Novos. Como na sua engendra, as bacias hidrograficas rurais nao dispoem de estacoes fluviometricas, as vazoes sao obtidas a partir de modelos chuva-vazao (HEC-HMS) adequado a cada area de estudo. Assim, foram extraidas as chuvas maximas diarias anuais e geradas posteriormente as vazoes correspondentes a cada serie. As chuvas e vazoes observadas geraram as chuvas e vazoes de projeto onde foram analisados estatisticamente e avaliados com testes de aderencia Anderson-Darling para a escolha das funcoes d...
Revista AIDIS de Ingeniería y Ciencias Ambientales. Investigación, desarrollo y práctica
Water resource planning should be more coherent and concise so that the tool used in its manageme... more Water resource planning should be more coherent and concise so that the tool used in its management could be efficient following waterbody company instructions and guidelines. The temporal distribution of irregular precipitation in the Brazilian northeast (specifically in Ceará), requires a special attention for adoption of several equipment for water security, water supply, water management and other appropriate purposes. The objective of this paper is to improve the technique (correction factor) of bias removal in the design floods (reference and simulated) in different return periods for the Sítios Novos reservoir. After the simulation of the design storm (synthetic hyetographs) in different return period and flood generation, an underestimation of the respective flow rates was observed in detriment of the referential design floods and based on the mathematical calculation of bias correction factors in 6 different forms of rainfall distribution. These factors obey a temporal and spatial invariability and have presented an overestimation of the simulated flood in the course of their use. In this sense, we opted for the method of trial and error with the objective of finding an equality of the design flood (simulated and reference) in the same return period of study in a given watershed such as the Sítios Novos Basin-Ceará.
Resumo – O planejamento e a gestão dos recursos hídricos requer o conhecimento profundo dos event... more Resumo – O planejamento e a gestão dos recursos hídricos requer o conhecimento profundo dos eventos hidrológicos e consequentemente os estudos probabilísticos da sua previsão para o bem uso no dimensionamento de estruturas hidráulicas. As distribuições de probabilidades fazem com que haja uma possibilidade na estimação de eventos extremos da precipitação anual associados a outros parâmetros de ocorrência. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho analisar o performance de quatro modelos de distribuição de probabilidades (Gama, Gumbel, Weibull e Weibull com 3 parâmetros) cujos parâmetros foram ajustados com a máxima verossimilhança aplicados a uma série histórica de 29 anos na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Govuro e aplicados o teste de aderência de Anderson-Darling ao nível de significância de 5%. Como resultados, verificou-se que a função Gama era a mais susceptível para descrever a distribuição da precipitação máxima anual apresentando um bom ajuste da série histórica para o caso em estudo. Abstract – The planning and management of water resources requires a thorough knowledge of the hydrological events and consequently the probabilistic studies of their prediction for the good use in the design of hydraulic structures. The probability distributions make it possible to estimate the extreme events of the annual maximum precipitation associated to other parameters of occurrence. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the performance of four probability distribution models (Gamma, Gumbel, Weibull and 3 parameter Weibull), whose parameters were adjusted with the Maximum Likelihood (ML) applied to a historical rainfall record of 29 years in the Rio Govuro watershed and the goodness-of-fit criteria played a role by using Anderson-Darling adherence test at a significance level of 5%. As results, it was verified that the Gamma's method was the most susceptible to describe the annual maximum precipitation distribution in the case study.
RESUMO: A água constitui uma peça fulcral no desenvolvimento das comunidades a nível mundial send... more RESUMO: A água constitui uma peça fulcral no desenvolvimento das comunidades a nível mundial sendo um elemento fundamental na composição das células nos seres vivos pois que sem ela a vida não poderia existir. No entanto, é indispensável para a existência e preservação dos ecossistemas vegetais e animais o que lhe confere o estatuto de um recurso natural mais valioso. A cobrança do uso de valor de água é defendida por maior parte dos países como sendo a única forma viável para garantir à sustentabilidade e racionalização do uso de recursos hídricos pelo ser humano dado que a eficácia da sua melhor gestão dependa exclusivamente do uso sustentável e garantir a sua reserva. Nesse artigo, enfatiza-se a parte da cobrança do uso de água entre dois países (Brasil e Moçambique) com diferentes aspectos políticos, climáticos, tecnológicos e visão estratégica na gestão dos seus recursos hídricos. Salientar que as suas metas e visões divergem num ponto por causa da sua localização geográfica, características naturais, politicas e estratégias para à sua implementação e provimento dos serviços de água para a população. ABSTRACT: Water is a key piece in the development of communities in worldwide and also it is a fundamental element in the composition of cells in the living beings so that without it life could not exist. However, it is essential for the existence and preservation of plants and animals ecosystems which gives it the status of a most valuable natural resource. The collection of water use efficiency value is advocated by most countries as the only viable way to ensure the sustainability and rational use of water resources by users as well as the effectiveness of their management so that can be guaranteed the use sustainable water in the world. In this paper, we emphasized the part of the collection of water use patterns and the value of water between two countries (Brazil and Mozambique) with different political issues, climatic, technological and strategic vision in the management of its water resources. It was pointed out that their goals and visions diverge from a point because of its geographical location, natural features, policies and strategies for its implementation and provision of water services to the population.
Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology, Dec 17, 2023
According to the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique, agriculture is recognized as the cor... more According to the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique, agriculture is recognized as the cornerstone of the country's development. However, the levels of production and productivity in this sector remain low. In response to this challenge, the Government established and implemented the District Development Fund (DDF) to provide financial support for economic activities, with a particular focus on agriculture (IBIS, 2010). Therefore, the goal of this research was to analyze the socioeconomic impact of the DDF on the beneficiary communities. To achieve this objective, semistructured interviews of 36 beneficiaries of DDF and unsystematic observations were conducted. The results indicated that all participants reported a significant increase, six times higher than before, in their agricultural production areas. This enhancement allowed for the expansion and diversification of agricultural products. The surplus generated from the sale of these products was
According to the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique, agriculture is recognized as the cor... more According to the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique, agriculture is recognized as the cornerstone of the country's development. However, the levels of production and productivity in this sector remain low. In response to this challenge, the Government established and implemented the District Development Fund (DDF) to provide financial support for economic activities, with a particular focus on agriculture (IBIS, 2010). Therefore, the goal of this research was to analyze the socioeconomic impact of the DDF on the beneficiary communities. To achieve this objective, semi-structured interviews of 36 beneficiaries of DDF and unsystematic observations were conducted. The results indicated that all participants reported a significant increase, six times higher than before, in their agricultural production areas. This enhancement allowed for the expansion and diversification of agricultural products. The surplus generated from the sale of these products was used for personal purposes, such as purchasing radios, telephones, school supplies for their children, and improving their housing conditions. Consequently, these improvements significantly enhanced the quality of life for those involved in agriculture. These findings strongly align with the objectives underlying the creation of the DDF and could serve as an exemplar for other districts within the country. In conclusion, it can be affirmed that the DDF has made significant contributions to improving the living conditions of the beneficiary population in the district of Vilankulo.
International Journal of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, 2019
Precise quantification of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is crucial for calculating crop wate... more Precise quantification of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is crucial for calculating crop water demand. Eight empirical methods based on temperature and six on solar radiation were evaluated against Penman-Monteith FAO 56 method based on: Mean Bias Error (MBE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Willmott coefficient ("d"), determination coefficient (R 2) and the Student's t-test. The meteorological data of Vilankulo district (maximum, minimum and medium temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and sunshine hours) were used and collected in the National Institute of Meteorology of Mozambique from 1979 to 2006. The results showed that Mak solar radiation method had the best efficiency (MBE =-0.03 mm day-1 ; RMSE = 0.28 mm day-1 ; "d" = 0.97 and R 2 = 0.98). When sunshine hours or global solar radiation are not measured in order to use Mak method, Schendel method can be an alternative which requires air temperature and relative humidity (MBE =-0.09 mm day-1 ; RMSE = 0.81 mm day-1 ; "d" = 0.84 and R 2 = 0.74). Both methods were not statistically different with PMF 56 method. The merit of this study stems from the fact that no similar study was conducted in Vilankulo district.
International Journal of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, 2019
Precise quantification of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is crucial for calculating crop wate... more Precise quantification of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is crucial for calculating crop water demand. Eight empirical methods based on temperature and six on solar radiation were evaluated against Penman-Monteith FAO 56 method based on: Mean Bias Error (MBE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Willmott coefficient ("d"), determination coefficient (R 2) and the Student's t-test. The meteorological data of Vilankulo district (maximum, minimum and medium temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and sunshine hours) were used and collected in the National Institute of Meteorology of Mozambique from 1979 to 2006. The results showed that Mak solar radiation method had the best efficiency (MBE =-0.03 mm day-1 ; RMSE = 0.28 mm day-1 ; "d" = 0.97 and R 2 = 0.98). When sunshine hours or global solar radiation are not measured in order to use Mak method, Schendel method can be an alternative which requires air temperature and relative humidity (MBE =-0.09 mm day-1 ; RMSE = 0.81 mm day-1 ; "d" = 0.84 and R 2 = 0.74). Both methods were not statistically different with PMF 56 method. The merit of this study stems from the fact that no similar study was conducted in Vilankulo district.
Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is useful for water management, calculating crop water require... more Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is useful for water management, calculating crop water requirements and irrigation scheduling. ETo was estimated from 5 empirical methods based on temperature, 5 based on solar radiation and on Machine Learning Technique (MLT). The MLT model consisted of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), with 6 architectures each. The MLT and empirical methods were tested against the Penman Monteith FAO 56 method based on the following
Para atingir os objetivos tracados, foram comparados os periodos de retorno (TR) das cheias obtid... more Para atingir os objetivos tracados, foram comparados os periodos de retorno (TR) das cheias obtidas de precipitacoes observadas em intervalos de cinco minutos numa serie historica de 30 anos recolhidas na estacao meteorologica do Centro de Ciencias Agrarias da Universidade Federal do Ceara, no Campus do Pici, em Fortaleza-CE, com periodos de retorno (TR) calculados a partir das cheias de projeto associadas a varios hietogramas sinteticos usuais para bacia hidrografica do Acude de Sitios Novos. Como na sua engendra, as bacias hidrograficas rurais nao dispoem de estacoes fluviometricas, as vazoes sao obtidas a partir de modelos chuva-vazao (HEC-HMS) adequado a cada area de estudo. Assim, foram extraidas as chuvas maximas diarias anuais e geradas posteriormente as vazoes correspondentes a cada serie. As chuvas e vazoes observadas geraram as chuvas e vazoes de projeto onde foram analisados estatisticamente e avaliados com testes de aderencia Anderson-Darling para a escolha das funcoes d...
Revista AIDIS de Ingeniería y Ciencias Ambientales. Investigación, desarrollo y práctica
Water resource planning should be more coherent and concise so that the tool used in its manageme... more Water resource planning should be more coherent and concise so that the tool used in its management could be efficient following waterbody company instructions and guidelines. The temporal distribution of irregular precipitation in the Brazilian northeast (specifically in Ceará), requires a special attention for adoption of several equipment for water security, water supply, water management and other appropriate purposes. The objective of this paper is to improve the technique (correction factor) of bias removal in the design floods (reference and simulated) in different return periods for the Sítios Novos reservoir. After the simulation of the design storm (synthetic hyetographs) in different return period and flood generation, an underestimation of the respective flow rates was observed in detriment of the referential design floods and based on the mathematical calculation of bias correction factors in 6 different forms of rainfall distribution. These factors obey a temporal and spatial invariability and have presented an overestimation of the simulated flood in the course of their use. In this sense, we opted for the method of trial and error with the objective of finding an equality of the design flood (simulated and reference) in the same return period of study in a given watershed such as the Sítios Novos Basin-Ceará.
Resumo – O planejamento e a gestão dos recursos hídricos requer o conhecimento profundo dos event... more Resumo – O planejamento e a gestão dos recursos hídricos requer o conhecimento profundo dos eventos hidrológicos e consequentemente os estudos probabilísticos da sua previsão para o bem uso no dimensionamento de estruturas hidráulicas. As distribuições de probabilidades fazem com que haja uma possibilidade na estimação de eventos extremos da precipitação anual associados a outros parâmetros de ocorrência. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho analisar o performance de quatro modelos de distribuição de probabilidades (Gama, Gumbel, Weibull e Weibull com 3 parâmetros) cujos parâmetros foram ajustados com a máxima verossimilhança aplicados a uma série histórica de 29 anos na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Govuro e aplicados o teste de aderência de Anderson-Darling ao nível de significância de 5%. Como resultados, verificou-se que a função Gama era a mais susceptível para descrever a distribuição da precipitação máxima anual apresentando um bom ajuste da série histórica para o caso em estudo. Abstract – The planning and management of water resources requires a thorough knowledge of the hydrological events and consequently the probabilistic studies of their prediction for the good use in the design of hydraulic structures. The probability distributions make it possible to estimate the extreme events of the annual maximum precipitation associated to other parameters of occurrence. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the performance of four probability distribution models (Gamma, Gumbel, Weibull and 3 parameter Weibull), whose parameters were adjusted with the Maximum Likelihood (ML) applied to a historical rainfall record of 29 years in the Rio Govuro watershed and the goodness-of-fit criteria played a role by using Anderson-Darling adherence test at a significance level of 5%. As results, it was verified that the Gamma's method was the most susceptible to describe the annual maximum precipitation distribution in the case study.
RESUMO: A água constitui uma peça fulcral no desenvolvimento das comunidades a nível mundial send... more RESUMO: A água constitui uma peça fulcral no desenvolvimento das comunidades a nível mundial sendo um elemento fundamental na composição das células nos seres vivos pois que sem ela a vida não poderia existir. No entanto, é indispensável para a existência e preservação dos ecossistemas vegetais e animais o que lhe confere o estatuto de um recurso natural mais valioso. A cobrança do uso de valor de água é defendida por maior parte dos países como sendo a única forma viável para garantir à sustentabilidade e racionalização do uso de recursos hídricos pelo ser humano dado que a eficácia da sua melhor gestão dependa exclusivamente do uso sustentável e garantir a sua reserva. Nesse artigo, enfatiza-se a parte da cobrança do uso de água entre dois países (Brasil e Moçambique) com diferentes aspectos políticos, climáticos, tecnológicos e visão estratégica na gestão dos seus recursos hídricos. Salientar que as suas metas e visões divergem num ponto por causa da sua localização geográfica, características naturais, politicas e estratégias para à sua implementação e provimento dos serviços de água para a população. ABSTRACT: Water is a key piece in the development of communities in worldwide and also it is a fundamental element in the composition of cells in the living beings so that without it life could not exist. However, it is essential for the existence and preservation of plants and animals ecosystems which gives it the status of a most valuable natural resource. The collection of water use efficiency value is advocated by most countries as the only viable way to ensure the sustainability and rational use of water resources by users as well as the effectiveness of their management so that can be guaranteed the use sustainable water in the world. In this paper, we emphasized the part of the collection of water use patterns and the value of water between two countries (Brazil and Mozambique) with different political issues, climatic, technological and strategic vision in the management of its water resources. It was pointed out that their goals and visions diverge from a point because of its geographical location, natural features, policies and strategies for its implementation and provision of water services to the population.
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