А н н о т а ц и я: В логике современной биомедицины умственная отсталость-стойкое хроническое сос... more А н н о т а ц и я: В логике современной биомедицины умственная отсталость-стойкое хроническое состояние, которое, как правило, приводит к инвалидности. различные аспекты жизни и поведения человека с интеллектуальной инвалидностью, в том числе состояние его здоровья, интерпретируются окружающими сквозь призму его диагноза. проекты сопровождаемого проживания представляют собой новую форму организации жизни для людей с инвалидностью. Эта форма возникла в противовес психоневрологическим интернатам: в проектах сопровождаемого проживания происходит отказ от медикализованного подхода к людям с особенностями развития, характерного для государственной системы социального обеспечения (во всяком случае, так это постулируется). установка на демедикализацию влияет на интерпретации различных острых болезней подопечных и способы справляться с ними. однако описываемый в статье материал говорит о том, что «нормализация жизни» в российском контексте не всегда приводит к демедикализации подопечных, а их основной диагноз (умственная отсталость) продолжает служить отправной точкой для объяснения всех других недомоганий. В то же время биомедицинская модель-не единственная объяснительная система, к которой прибегают сотрудники, а сами подопечные имеют специфический взгляд на свои здоровье и лечение и отстаивают право наравне с сотрудниками интерпретировать свое состояния и принимать соответствующие их представлениям меры. к л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а: интеллектуальная инвалидность, болезнь, диагноз, нормализация, демедикализация, сопровождаемое проживание. Д л я с с ы л о к: Алтухова А. интеллектуальная инвалидность и болезнь в условиях сопровождаемого проживания // Антропологический форум. 2018.
Reviews and Short Notices General Must We Divide History into Periods? By Jacques Le Goff. Transl... more Reviews and Short Notices General Must We Divide History into Periods? By Jacques Le Goff. Translated by M. B. DeBevoise. Columbia University Press. 2015. xiv + 160pp. £20.00. Jacques Le Goff's slight book contains a big idea. Tackling head on both generally established ideas of periodization and specifically the place of the Renaissance within this, he argues vigorously for a critical pause and a rethink. Le Goff, well known the other side of the Channel and central to the Annales School, built his career on recasting understandings of the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries. Working across themes of time, trade, work, intellectual life, urban culture and religious experience he did much to enrich our understanding of the Middle Ages. For years Le Goff argued for the dynamism, complexity and sophistication of the Middle Ages, with past work explicitly locating the construction of a medieval Europe within the context of early twenty-first century preoccupations with 'European-ness' (see his The Birth of Europe, 2006). Beginning with an exploration of ideas of chronology, eras and periods, in this book he usefully reminds us that conventions such as dating from the birth of Christ and historians' use of centuries to stand for certain ideas and trends both are part of a longer history of historians trying to organize the past, and continue to serve to make the past manageable and understandable. Indeed, he makes it plain that 'there is nothing neutral or innocent, about cutting up time into smaller parts' (p. 2). Through discussing, for example, early Christian fathers' attempts at constructing both a chronology and a meaningful periodization, he serves to historicize our own present-day conceptions of history as charting rapid change and of 'progress'. In contrast, from St Augustine until the fourteenth century, there prevailed a sense in which 'the world grows old', and that Christendom was marking time until the second coming of Christ. Acknowledging that people in the past understood time, history and their own place in history on very different terms from our own is a crucial tool for understanding and reconstructing past world-views. All this is simply a prelude to his larger concern, that of resituating and reinterpreting the relationship between the Renaissance and modernity. Rather than standing for the beginning of a new era the Renaissance was the last incarnation of a world we would think of as medieval, forming part of a 'long Middle Ages' extending up to the mid-eighteenth century. Since Michelet and Burckhardt, the idea of the Renaissance as marking the beginning of the early modern period has been a commonplace, and it still provides the organizing logic for vast swathes of undergraduate programmes.
We present a library of synthetic spectra characterized by −2.5 ≤ [Z/Z ] ≤ +0.5, 4.5 ≤ log g ≤ 1.... more We present a library of synthetic spectra characterized by −2.5 ≤ [Z/Z ] ≤ +0.5, 4.5 ≤ log g ≤ 1.0, and T eff ≤ 7500 K computed at the same λ/ λ = 20000 resolving power of the observed spectra given in Paper I for 131 standard stars mapping the MKK spectral classification system. This range of parameters includes the majority of the galactic stars expected to dominate the GAIA target population, i.e. F-G-K-M type stars with metallicity ranging from that of the galactic globular clusters to Population I objects. Extension to T eff > 7500 K will be given later on in this series. The 254 synthetic spectra presented here are based on Kurucz's codes and line data and have been computed over a more extended wavelength interval (7650 − 8750Å) than that currently baselined for implementation on GAIA, i.e. the 8500 − 8750Å. This last range is dominated by the near-IR Ca II triplet and the head of the Paschen series. The more extended wavelength range allows us to investigate the behaviour of other strong near-IR spectral features (severely contaminated by telluric absorptions in ground-based observed spectra) as the K I doublet (7664, 7699Å), the Na I doublet (8183, 8194Å) and the lines of Fe I multiplet N.60 at 8327 and 8388Å. The synthetic spectra support our previous conclusions about the superior performance of the Paschen/Ca II 8500 − 8750Å region in meeting the GAIA requirements when compared to other near-IR intervals of similar λ = 250Å.
Gender, Race and Family in Nineteenth Century America, 2013
By the fall of 1857 Ben and Sarah, along with their two children, Lilly (Sarah Virginia) and Henr... more By the fall of 1857 Ben and Sarah, along with their two children, Lilly (Sarah Virginia) and Henry, and a number of slaves had migrated further south to Burnt Fort, Charlton County, Georgia. Located on the Satilla River near the Okefenokee Swamp, the site had become the focus of a considerable sawmill operation, which was the major justification for the move. Sarah’s response to the relocation presented her as the ever-dutiful wife and of course it meant removing herself from the tensions that had plagued the Clifton Grove household since her arrival in October 1853. Yet the image of the harmonious Southern family, white and black, that is presented in the missive above from Sarah in December 1858 masked the realities of the experience of relocation for both the Williams family and the enslaved at Clifton Grove.
Page 1. Courtship and Love among the Enslaved in North Carolina Rebecca J. Fraser Page 2. Courtsh... more Page 1. Courtship and Love among the Enslaved in North Carolina Rebecca J. Fraser Page 2. Courtship and Love among the Enslaved in North Carolina Rebecm J. Fmser Page 3. Courtship and Love among the Enslaved in North Carolina Page 4. ...
Better Understanding a Well Known, but Little-Documented African American Couple Recent years hav... more Better Understanding a Well Known, but Little-Documented African American Couple Recent years have seen a wave of biographies of prominent African American figures from the early republic, antebellum and Civil War eras. These studies-which examine the lives and activism of women and men ....
Review of: Infamous Bodies: Early Black Women Celebrity and the Afterlives of Rights, Samantha Pi... more Review of: Infamous Bodies: Early Black Women Celebrity and the Afterlives of Rights, Samantha Pinto (2020) Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 264 pp., ISBN 978-1-47800-832-3, h/bk, $99.95, p/bk, $26.95
Derrick Spires’ The Practice of Citizenship is a beautifully written and brilliantly evocative wo... more Derrick Spires’ The Practice of Citizenship is a beautifully written and brilliantly evocative work that centres print culture in the early United States as a site for the theorization and practice...
This paper examines the work and lives of black female activist intellectuals in the years before... more This paper examines the work and lives of black female activist intellectuals in the years before the formation of the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs (NACWC) in 1896. Looking deeper at arguments originally made by Maria Stewart concerning the denial of black women's ambitions and limiting potential in their working lives, the analysis employs the work of the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci, in particular his notion of the intellectual, to help reflect on the centrality of these black women in the development of an early counterhegemonic movement.
During the American Civil War black women increasingly published opinion pieces in the form of le... more During the American Civil War black women increasingly published opinion pieces in the form of letters, short essays, and in one case, serialised fiction in the African Methodist Episcopal newspaper, The Christian Recorder. This article argues that, collectively, these women's voices contributed to a developing black intellectualism of the early nineteenth century, setting the precedent for black feminist thinking of the Reconstruction period and beyond. Through their public literary activism, these women challenged the boundaries of the gendered and racialised spaces of the public and private spheres. Through a series of case studies published in the Christian Recorder from 1861-66, this article reflects on the ways in which these women developed a conscious writing self which should be understood as literary activism. These women wrote under the most difficult of circumstances in a period of conflict, yet they persisted in having their voices heard. Collectively, they wrote about the importance of action, the influence of women on the African American nation, and the vital influence of women's role in education for racial uplift. This article thus places the literary activism of these women front and centre and highlights the power of their words for subsequent generations. Julia C. Collins must have mailed her essay off from Williamsport, Pennsylvania in the early spring of 1864, to be considered for publication by the Christian Recorder, with no small degree of anxiety. It had taken her time to draft the 400 or so words on the value of education intended for the Recorder, the weekly publication of the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME). In between the demands of teaching at the small school house in Williamsport, her daily domestic chores, and caring for her little ones, it must have proven difficult for her find 'Woman's Influence Over Man,' the unnamed author argued that, 'To the formation of manly character, the love and reverence of the virtuous feminine character is essential.' 7 The role of the mother was also venerated within the Recorder, particularly in relation to the teaching of virtues such as love, compassion, and kindness. A short story by an unnamed author published in March 1861, 'Love wins Love' had little Charlie question why the animals all loved his father. In response, Charlie's mother pressed him to think of an answer: 'What is the reason the birdies all love your father…Think Charlie,-try and find a reason yourself.' So, the five-year-old child pondered the question and then resolved that it was because his father demonstrated love towards the animals. Pleased with his answer and that he had solved his own question, Charlie's mother reminded him to love as his father did to receive love in return: Love all things and be kind to them. Do not speak roughly to the dog. Don't pull pussy's tail, nor chase the hens, nor try to frighten the cow. Never throw stones at the birds. Never hurt nor tease anything. Speak gently and lovingly to them. They now as well as you do who has a pleasant voice. Feed them, and seek their comfort, and they will love you, and everybody that knows you will love you too. 8 Through such didactic tales the Recorder celebrated the virtuous and selfless womanmother, daughter, school mistresswho was positioned as the gatekeeper of morality and whose role it was to educate the young on virtues of goodness, decency, and respectability. Historical Invisibilities and Silences in the Archives As the war years progressed, however, a sizeable minority of female contributors to the Recorder began to shift the tone of what might be expected of women in the postemancipation world. In the process, they provided a more meaningful platform for black
This book analyzes the feminist and legal thought of women’s rights founder Elizabeth Cady Stanto... more This book analyzes the feminist and legal thought of women’s rights founder Elizabeth Cady Stanton on gender equality in the family. It discusses Stanton’s theories on marriage, divorce, marital property, domestic violence, reproductive control, and parenting. Revealing Stanton's comprehensive demand for systemic legal reform, it challenges conventional depictions of the narrowness of early feminism, the development of family law, and women's assumed acquiescence in domestic subordination. Stanton demanded change to the institutions of government, church, family, and work, which constituted “a fourfold bondage” of women. The family was one of these keys to full reform because Stanton understood the way in which the private domestic sphere was integrated with the public sphere of work and governance, and its related freedoms and opportunities. The book traces the way in which virtually all of Stanton’s proposals became law—from no-fault divorce to the elimination of dower to ...
А н н о т а ц и я: В логике современной биомедицины умственная отсталость-стойкое хроническое сос... more А н н о т а ц и я: В логике современной биомедицины умственная отсталость-стойкое хроническое состояние, которое, как правило, приводит к инвалидности. различные аспекты жизни и поведения человека с интеллектуальной инвалидностью, в том числе состояние его здоровья, интерпретируются окружающими сквозь призму его диагноза. проекты сопровождаемого проживания представляют собой новую форму организации жизни для людей с инвалидностью. Эта форма возникла в противовес психоневрологическим интернатам: в проектах сопровождаемого проживания происходит отказ от медикализованного подхода к людям с особенностями развития, характерного для государственной системы социального обеспечения (во всяком случае, так это постулируется). установка на демедикализацию влияет на интерпретации различных острых болезней подопечных и способы справляться с ними. однако описываемый в статье материал говорит о том, что «нормализация жизни» в российском контексте не всегда приводит к демедикализации подопечных, а их основной диагноз (умственная отсталость) продолжает служить отправной точкой для объяснения всех других недомоганий. В то же время биомедицинская модель-не единственная объяснительная система, к которой прибегают сотрудники, а сами подопечные имеют специфический взгляд на свои здоровье и лечение и отстаивают право наравне с сотрудниками интерпретировать свое состояния и принимать соответствующие их представлениям меры. к л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а: интеллектуальная инвалидность, болезнь, диагноз, нормализация, демедикализация, сопровождаемое проживание. Д л я с с ы л о к: Алтухова А. интеллектуальная инвалидность и болезнь в условиях сопровождаемого проживания // Антропологический форум. 2018.
Reviews and Short Notices General Must We Divide History into Periods? By Jacques Le Goff. Transl... more Reviews and Short Notices General Must We Divide History into Periods? By Jacques Le Goff. Translated by M. B. DeBevoise. Columbia University Press. 2015. xiv + 160pp. £20.00. Jacques Le Goff's slight book contains a big idea. Tackling head on both generally established ideas of periodization and specifically the place of the Renaissance within this, he argues vigorously for a critical pause and a rethink. Le Goff, well known the other side of the Channel and central to the Annales School, built his career on recasting understandings of the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries. Working across themes of time, trade, work, intellectual life, urban culture and religious experience he did much to enrich our understanding of the Middle Ages. For years Le Goff argued for the dynamism, complexity and sophistication of the Middle Ages, with past work explicitly locating the construction of a medieval Europe within the context of early twenty-first century preoccupations with 'European-ness' (see his The Birth of Europe, 2006). Beginning with an exploration of ideas of chronology, eras and periods, in this book he usefully reminds us that conventions such as dating from the birth of Christ and historians' use of centuries to stand for certain ideas and trends both are part of a longer history of historians trying to organize the past, and continue to serve to make the past manageable and understandable. Indeed, he makes it plain that 'there is nothing neutral or innocent, about cutting up time into smaller parts' (p. 2). Through discussing, for example, early Christian fathers' attempts at constructing both a chronology and a meaningful periodization, he serves to historicize our own present-day conceptions of history as charting rapid change and of 'progress'. In contrast, from St Augustine until the fourteenth century, there prevailed a sense in which 'the world grows old', and that Christendom was marking time until the second coming of Christ. Acknowledging that people in the past understood time, history and their own place in history on very different terms from our own is a crucial tool for understanding and reconstructing past world-views. All this is simply a prelude to his larger concern, that of resituating and reinterpreting the relationship between the Renaissance and modernity. Rather than standing for the beginning of a new era the Renaissance was the last incarnation of a world we would think of as medieval, forming part of a 'long Middle Ages' extending up to the mid-eighteenth century. Since Michelet and Burckhardt, the idea of the Renaissance as marking the beginning of the early modern period has been a commonplace, and it still provides the organizing logic for vast swathes of undergraduate programmes.
We present a library of synthetic spectra characterized by −2.5 ≤ [Z/Z ] ≤ +0.5, 4.5 ≤ log g ≤ 1.... more We present a library of synthetic spectra characterized by −2.5 ≤ [Z/Z ] ≤ +0.5, 4.5 ≤ log g ≤ 1.0, and T eff ≤ 7500 K computed at the same λ/ λ = 20000 resolving power of the observed spectra given in Paper I for 131 standard stars mapping the MKK spectral classification system. This range of parameters includes the majority of the galactic stars expected to dominate the GAIA target population, i.e. F-G-K-M type stars with metallicity ranging from that of the galactic globular clusters to Population I objects. Extension to T eff > 7500 K will be given later on in this series. The 254 synthetic spectra presented here are based on Kurucz's codes and line data and have been computed over a more extended wavelength interval (7650 − 8750Å) than that currently baselined for implementation on GAIA, i.e. the 8500 − 8750Å. This last range is dominated by the near-IR Ca II triplet and the head of the Paschen series. The more extended wavelength range allows us to investigate the behaviour of other strong near-IR spectral features (severely contaminated by telluric absorptions in ground-based observed spectra) as the K I doublet (7664, 7699Å), the Na I doublet (8183, 8194Å) and the lines of Fe I multiplet N.60 at 8327 and 8388Å. The synthetic spectra support our previous conclusions about the superior performance of the Paschen/Ca II 8500 − 8750Å region in meeting the GAIA requirements when compared to other near-IR intervals of similar λ = 250Å.
Gender, Race and Family in Nineteenth Century America, 2013
By the fall of 1857 Ben and Sarah, along with their two children, Lilly (Sarah Virginia) and Henr... more By the fall of 1857 Ben and Sarah, along with their two children, Lilly (Sarah Virginia) and Henry, and a number of slaves had migrated further south to Burnt Fort, Charlton County, Georgia. Located on the Satilla River near the Okefenokee Swamp, the site had become the focus of a considerable sawmill operation, which was the major justification for the move. Sarah’s response to the relocation presented her as the ever-dutiful wife and of course it meant removing herself from the tensions that had plagued the Clifton Grove household since her arrival in October 1853. Yet the image of the harmonious Southern family, white and black, that is presented in the missive above from Sarah in December 1858 masked the realities of the experience of relocation for both the Williams family and the enslaved at Clifton Grove.
Page 1. Courtship and Love among the Enslaved in North Carolina Rebecca J. Fraser Page 2. Courtsh... more Page 1. Courtship and Love among the Enslaved in North Carolina Rebecca J. Fraser Page 2. Courtship and Love among the Enslaved in North Carolina Rebecm J. Fmser Page 3. Courtship and Love among the Enslaved in North Carolina Page 4. ...
Better Understanding a Well Known, but Little-Documented African American Couple Recent years hav... more Better Understanding a Well Known, but Little-Documented African American Couple Recent years have seen a wave of biographies of prominent African American figures from the early republic, antebellum and Civil War eras. These studies-which examine the lives and activism of women and men ....
Review of: Infamous Bodies: Early Black Women Celebrity and the Afterlives of Rights, Samantha Pi... more Review of: Infamous Bodies: Early Black Women Celebrity and the Afterlives of Rights, Samantha Pinto (2020) Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 264 pp., ISBN 978-1-47800-832-3, h/bk, $99.95, p/bk, $26.95
Derrick Spires’ The Practice of Citizenship is a beautifully written and brilliantly evocative wo... more Derrick Spires’ The Practice of Citizenship is a beautifully written and brilliantly evocative work that centres print culture in the early United States as a site for the theorization and practice...
This paper examines the work and lives of black female activist intellectuals in the years before... more This paper examines the work and lives of black female activist intellectuals in the years before the formation of the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs (NACWC) in 1896. Looking deeper at arguments originally made by Maria Stewart concerning the denial of black women's ambitions and limiting potential in their working lives, the analysis employs the work of the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci, in particular his notion of the intellectual, to help reflect on the centrality of these black women in the development of an early counterhegemonic movement.
During the American Civil War black women increasingly published opinion pieces in the form of le... more During the American Civil War black women increasingly published opinion pieces in the form of letters, short essays, and in one case, serialised fiction in the African Methodist Episcopal newspaper, The Christian Recorder. This article argues that, collectively, these women's voices contributed to a developing black intellectualism of the early nineteenth century, setting the precedent for black feminist thinking of the Reconstruction period and beyond. Through their public literary activism, these women challenged the boundaries of the gendered and racialised spaces of the public and private spheres. Through a series of case studies published in the Christian Recorder from 1861-66, this article reflects on the ways in which these women developed a conscious writing self which should be understood as literary activism. These women wrote under the most difficult of circumstances in a period of conflict, yet they persisted in having their voices heard. Collectively, they wrote about the importance of action, the influence of women on the African American nation, and the vital influence of women's role in education for racial uplift. This article thus places the literary activism of these women front and centre and highlights the power of their words for subsequent generations. Julia C. Collins must have mailed her essay off from Williamsport, Pennsylvania in the early spring of 1864, to be considered for publication by the Christian Recorder, with no small degree of anxiety. It had taken her time to draft the 400 or so words on the value of education intended for the Recorder, the weekly publication of the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME). In between the demands of teaching at the small school house in Williamsport, her daily domestic chores, and caring for her little ones, it must have proven difficult for her find 'Woman's Influence Over Man,' the unnamed author argued that, 'To the formation of manly character, the love and reverence of the virtuous feminine character is essential.' 7 The role of the mother was also venerated within the Recorder, particularly in relation to the teaching of virtues such as love, compassion, and kindness. A short story by an unnamed author published in March 1861, 'Love wins Love' had little Charlie question why the animals all loved his father. In response, Charlie's mother pressed him to think of an answer: 'What is the reason the birdies all love your father…Think Charlie,-try and find a reason yourself.' So, the five-year-old child pondered the question and then resolved that it was because his father demonstrated love towards the animals. Pleased with his answer and that he had solved his own question, Charlie's mother reminded him to love as his father did to receive love in return: Love all things and be kind to them. Do not speak roughly to the dog. Don't pull pussy's tail, nor chase the hens, nor try to frighten the cow. Never throw stones at the birds. Never hurt nor tease anything. Speak gently and lovingly to them. They now as well as you do who has a pleasant voice. Feed them, and seek their comfort, and they will love you, and everybody that knows you will love you too. 8 Through such didactic tales the Recorder celebrated the virtuous and selfless womanmother, daughter, school mistresswho was positioned as the gatekeeper of morality and whose role it was to educate the young on virtues of goodness, decency, and respectability. Historical Invisibilities and Silences in the Archives As the war years progressed, however, a sizeable minority of female contributors to the Recorder began to shift the tone of what might be expected of women in the postemancipation world. In the process, they provided a more meaningful platform for black
This book analyzes the feminist and legal thought of women’s rights founder Elizabeth Cady Stanto... more This book analyzes the feminist and legal thought of women’s rights founder Elizabeth Cady Stanton on gender equality in the family. It discusses Stanton’s theories on marriage, divorce, marital property, domestic violence, reproductive control, and parenting. Revealing Stanton's comprehensive demand for systemic legal reform, it challenges conventional depictions of the narrowness of early feminism, the development of family law, and women's assumed acquiescence in domestic subordination. Stanton demanded change to the institutions of government, church, family, and work, which constituted “a fourfold bondage” of women. The family was one of these keys to full reform because Stanton understood the way in which the private domestic sphere was integrated with the public sphere of work and governance, and its related freedoms and opportunities. The book traces the way in which virtually all of Stanton’s proposals became law—from no-fault divorce to the elimination of dower to ...
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