Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most devastating manifestations of diabetes, is a ... more Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most devastating manifestations of diabetes, is a leading cause of blindness among working-age adults. World Health Organization predicts the prevalence of diabetes to increase substantially in the future, leading to an increasing pressure on public health services. In the context of smart healthcare, DR screening has been widely adopted by utilizing fundus imaging with manual input. In this chapter, we review the potential of artificial intelligence enabled automated screening for the detection and classification of DR in the context of the National Health Service. We propose an integrated multimodal approach to enable the combination of manual (through human graders) and automated DR screening. Furthermore, we discuss how this multimodal approach can be enhanced by the integration of additional modalities such as optical coherence tomography. Artificial intelligence in that setting can complement and upskill human graders by acting in an assistive way rather than replacing their role.
Much has been made of the potential for government and public agencies to address the challenges ... more Much has been made of the potential for government and public agencies to address the challenges and problems they face through the more effective linkage, sharing and use of data. The authors review the opportunities and issues involved, with a particular focus on the social (including human) services sector, where some of the most challenging problems facing government exist and some of the most far-reaching and transformational changes might be achieved. Using recent developments in Australasia as illustration, the paper explores how different stakeholders see the opportunities and challenges involved and the issues and problems to be overcome. IMPACT More effective use of data clearly holds promise but it also involves challenges. Data does not 'speak for itself' and public managers need to accept that they will have less monopoly over its interpretation. Instead, while remaining custodians of the public interest, they need to acknowledge a broader range of community views about how data might drive innovation.
... increasing power of large corporations within the regulation and development of international... more ... increasing power of large corporations within the regulation and development of international telecommunica-tions from the 1940s to the present; Peter Golding highlights the inequalities between nations in terms of access to new technologies; and Nicholas Baran provides an ...
European Journal of Information Systems, Mar 1, 1991
As information managers we use computer systems in our day-today work. This book provides backgro... more As information managers we use computer systems in our day-today work. This book provides background for our dynamic digital data environment and tools. Unlike many classic computer systems texts, the author highlights non-linear aspects of computer systems development, taking a historical rather than prescriptive perspective. The historical perspective provides insights that inform today's work. The history starts with business applications created in the 1950's, develops under the influence of legacy systems, and evolves together with technological and social factors. Friedman states: "If we are interested in understanding how things are likely to change, it is important to understand how things came to be as they are." In the information world, this background material is pertinent to the work of many: computer programmers and information managers, computer center directors and network engineers, technologists and data analysts, researchers and policy makers.
We explore how social enterprises can use platform technologies to plug 'informational gaps' in t... more We explore how social enterprises can use platform technologies to plug 'informational gaps' in the provision of disability services. Such gaps are made more apparent by policies promoting self-directed care as a means of giving service users more choice and control. We use a case study of a start-up social enterprise seeking to provide a TripAdvisor style service to examine the potential for social innovation to 'disrupt' current models of service. The case study suggests that any disruptive effects of such changes are not due to new digital technology per se, nor to novel platform business models, but rather rest in the manner in which the moral orders which justify current patterns of social disablement can be challenged by social innovation.
ABSTRACT The localism agenda in England, to the extent that it has been followed through, relies ... more ABSTRACT The localism agenda in England, to the extent that it has been followed through, relies on the increasingly free availability of government data for its success. The availability of this open government data, however, solves nothing: as many writers have pointed out, such data needs to be interpreted and interpretation is always a function of a collective—what has been called an ‘interpretative’ or ‘epistemic’ community. The authors question the possibility of such local epistemic or interpretative communities emerging in the English context.
Review of International Political Economy, Jun 1, 1994
UNDERSTANDING THE 1980S, PART 1ASaskia Sassen, The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeto... more UNDERSTANDING THE 1980S, PART 1ASaskia Sassen, The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991.MAKING SENSSEUlf Hannerz, Cultural Complexity: Studies in the Social Organization of Meaning. New York, NY: University of Columbia Press, 1992. ISBN 0–231–07623–1 (pbk). 347 + iv pp.
The multi-billion NHS Connecting for Health programme in England, UK has completely re-configured... more The multi-billion NHS Connecting for Health programme in England, UK has completely re-configured the relationships between the Department of Health, the National Health Service (NHS), primary care computing suppliers and health care professionals (including General Practitioners). The implications of this reconfiguration are now becoming apparent and have potentially significant affects on the delivery of information and information systems in the health context. This paper will explore the changes in these relationships by drawing on comparison with the previous system (which ran for much of the 1990s) and drawing upon characteristics of the overall CfH procurement/contracting process and different responses of the two key primary care computing supplier responses to the changes in the environment.
ABSTRACTE-government represents a major change management challenge to public agencies. This pape... more ABSTRACTE-government represents a major change management challenge to public agencies. This paper explores the experience of English local government authorities. The proposition that ‘process’, rather than more conventional ‘event’, approaches to change management are more likely to result in change the goals of e-government being met, is explored. The article concludes by suggesting that conventional models of change management theory and practice fundamentally misunderstand the nature of technology-driven organisational change represented by e-government. A processualperspective, on the other hand, provides a more effective framework for explaining and understanding organisational and socio-technical outcomes and the reasons for variations in different contexts. Moreover, attempts to transform the state through the technologies of e-government present a significant opportunity for the processual perspective to inform practice.
One of the most significant developments in recent television history has been the growth of the ... more One of the most significant developments in recent television history has been the growth of the independent production sector. In the 1970s, there were only a tiny number of independent production companies supplying British broadcasters, mainly vehicles for ...
The application of information and communications technologies (ICTs) to higher education has rec... more The application of information and communications technologies (ICTs) to higher education has recently gained a new impetus, fired by the promise, and also perhaps the threat, of the 'virtual' university. While there has been much empirical research on individual ICT initiatives, most of this has been narrowly evaluative with little attention paid to their cumulative impacts on the university as
User resistance to the implementation of new information systems (IS) is a well-established featu... more User resistance to the implementation of new information systems (IS) is a well-established feature of the IS literature. Much of this work takes a managerialist perspective, seeing user resistance as simply dysfunctional, seeking effective ways for system implementers to overcome resistance or concerned to understanding the roots of user resistance. Occasionally, user resistance is seen as having positive qualities. In this paper, however, we want to explore the wider, deeper, and subtler uses of user resistance for systems implementers. We have adopted Clegg’s “circuits of power” framework within a broader political process approach to change. Using this framework and the results of a small pilot study, we make a number of propositions that can be tested in forthcoming fieldwork. This paper forms part of a wider study of the institutionalization of the power of “internal consultants” in a higher education institution in Saudi Arabia.
Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most devastating manifestations of diabetes, is a ... more Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most devastating manifestations of diabetes, is a leading cause of blindness among working-age adults. World Health Organization predicts the prevalence of diabetes to increase substantially in the future, leading to an increasing pressure on public health services. In the context of smart healthcare, DR screening has been widely adopted by utilizing fundus imaging with manual input. In this chapter, we review the potential of artificial intelligence enabled automated screening for the detection and classification of DR in the context of the National Health Service. We propose an integrated multimodal approach to enable the combination of manual (through human graders) and automated DR screening. Furthermore, we discuss how this multimodal approach can be enhanced by the integration of additional modalities such as optical coherence tomography. Artificial intelligence in that setting can complement and upskill human graders by acting in an assistive way rather than replacing their role.
Much has been made of the potential for government and public agencies to address the challenges ... more Much has been made of the potential for government and public agencies to address the challenges and problems they face through the more effective linkage, sharing and use of data. The authors review the opportunities and issues involved, with a particular focus on the social (including human) services sector, where some of the most challenging problems facing government exist and some of the most far-reaching and transformational changes might be achieved. Using recent developments in Australasia as illustration, the paper explores how different stakeholders see the opportunities and challenges involved and the issues and problems to be overcome. IMPACT More effective use of data clearly holds promise but it also involves challenges. Data does not 'speak for itself' and public managers need to accept that they will have less monopoly over its interpretation. Instead, while remaining custodians of the public interest, they need to acknowledge a broader range of community views about how data might drive innovation.
... increasing power of large corporations within the regulation and development of international... more ... increasing power of large corporations within the regulation and development of international telecommunica-tions from the 1940s to the present; Peter Golding highlights the inequalities between nations in terms of access to new technologies; and Nicholas Baran provides an ...
European Journal of Information Systems, Mar 1, 1991
As information managers we use computer systems in our day-today work. This book provides backgro... more As information managers we use computer systems in our day-today work. This book provides background for our dynamic digital data environment and tools. Unlike many classic computer systems texts, the author highlights non-linear aspects of computer systems development, taking a historical rather than prescriptive perspective. The historical perspective provides insights that inform today's work. The history starts with business applications created in the 1950's, develops under the influence of legacy systems, and evolves together with technological and social factors. Friedman states: "If we are interested in understanding how things are likely to change, it is important to understand how things came to be as they are." In the information world, this background material is pertinent to the work of many: computer programmers and information managers, computer center directors and network engineers, technologists and data analysts, researchers and policy makers.
We explore how social enterprises can use platform technologies to plug 'informational gaps' in t... more We explore how social enterprises can use platform technologies to plug 'informational gaps' in the provision of disability services. Such gaps are made more apparent by policies promoting self-directed care as a means of giving service users more choice and control. We use a case study of a start-up social enterprise seeking to provide a TripAdvisor style service to examine the potential for social innovation to 'disrupt' current models of service. The case study suggests that any disruptive effects of such changes are not due to new digital technology per se, nor to novel platform business models, but rather rest in the manner in which the moral orders which justify current patterns of social disablement can be challenged by social innovation.
ABSTRACT The localism agenda in England, to the extent that it has been followed through, relies ... more ABSTRACT The localism agenda in England, to the extent that it has been followed through, relies on the increasingly free availability of government data for its success. The availability of this open government data, however, solves nothing: as many writers have pointed out, such data needs to be interpreted and interpretation is always a function of a collective—what has been called an ‘interpretative’ or ‘epistemic’ community. The authors question the possibility of such local epistemic or interpretative communities emerging in the English context.
Review of International Political Economy, Jun 1, 1994
UNDERSTANDING THE 1980S, PART 1ASaskia Sassen, The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeto... more UNDERSTANDING THE 1980S, PART 1ASaskia Sassen, The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991.MAKING SENSSEUlf Hannerz, Cultural Complexity: Studies in the Social Organization of Meaning. New York, NY: University of Columbia Press, 1992. ISBN 0–231–07623–1 (pbk). 347 + iv pp.
The multi-billion NHS Connecting for Health programme in England, UK has completely re-configured... more The multi-billion NHS Connecting for Health programme in England, UK has completely re-configured the relationships between the Department of Health, the National Health Service (NHS), primary care computing suppliers and health care professionals (including General Practitioners). The implications of this reconfiguration are now becoming apparent and have potentially significant affects on the delivery of information and information systems in the health context. This paper will explore the changes in these relationships by drawing on comparison with the previous system (which ran for much of the 1990s) and drawing upon characteristics of the overall CfH procurement/contracting process and different responses of the two key primary care computing supplier responses to the changes in the environment.
ABSTRACTE-government represents a major change management challenge to public agencies. This pape... more ABSTRACTE-government represents a major change management challenge to public agencies. This paper explores the experience of English local government authorities. The proposition that ‘process’, rather than more conventional ‘event’, approaches to change management are more likely to result in change the goals of e-government being met, is explored. The article concludes by suggesting that conventional models of change management theory and practice fundamentally misunderstand the nature of technology-driven organisational change represented by e-government. A processualperspective, on the other hand, provides a more effective framework for explaining and understanding organisational and socio-technical outcomes and the reasons for variations in different contexts. Moreover, attempts to transform the state through the technologies of e-government present a significant opportunity for the processual perspective to inform practice.
One of the most significant developments in recent television history has been the growth of the ... more One of the most significant developments in recent television history has been the growth of the independent production sector. In the 1970s, there were only a tiny number of independent production companies supplying British broadcasters, mainly vehicles for ...
The application of information and communications technologies (ICTs) to higher education has rec... more The application of information and communications technologies (ICTs) to higher education has recently gained a new impetus, fired by the promise, and also perhaps the threat, of the 'virtual' university. While there has been much empirical research on individual ICT initiatives, most of this has been narrowly evaluative with little attention paid to their cumulative impacts on the university as
User resistance to the implementation of new information systems (IS) is a well-established featu... more User resistance to the implementation of new information systems (IS) is a well-established feature of the IS literature. Much of this work takes a managerialist perspective, seeing user resistance as simply dysfunctional, seeking effective ways for system implementers to overcome resistance or concerned to understanding the roots of user resistance. Occasionally, user resistance is seen as having positive qualities. In this paper, however, we want to explore the wider, deeper, and subtler uses of user resistance for systems implementers. We have adopted Clegg’s “circuits of power” framework within a broader political process approach to change. Using this framework and the results of a small pilot study, we make a number of propositions that can be tested in forthcoming fieldwork. This paper forms part of a wider study of the institutionalization of the power of “internal consultants” in a higher education institution in Saudi Arabia.
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Papers by James Cornford