Papers by George Michaelides
Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology
Cambridge University Press, 2021
Wellbeing has a prominent profile in many academic disciplines. For example, in philosophy, there... more Wellbeing has a prominent profile in many academic disciplines. For example, in philosophy, there is Aristotle’s conception of wellbeing as associated with human flourishing or ‘eudaimonia’. In political theory, Utilitarianism defines the main goals of policy as maximising pleasure and minimising gain (Bache & Reardon, 2016). Much more recently, some national political leaders, as well as political theorists/scientists, have become interested in wellbeing as an alternative marker of national progress to economic measures such as gross domestic product. Although there are many debates on the nature of wellbeing, the dominant view is that wellbeing is inherently a psychological construct (O’Donnell et al., 2014). Thus, psychological approaches to measuring wellbeing provide a platform for indexing the effectiveness of policy decisions made at all levels, from workplaces through to nation states (Layard, 2006). In relation to the workplace, such policies may include those directed at reducing absence rates or securing sustainable productivity gains without threatening worker health, wherein psychological wellbeing may serve as a leading indicator. At regional, national or even supra-national level, relevant policies pertain to labour market regulation and workplace health and safety. As such, the purpose of this chapter is to outline some of the main and emerging issues in the measurement of workplace wellbeing. We consider both positive markers of wellbeing (e.g., job satisfaction) and markers developed from research focused on indexing psychologically harmful effects of working practices
How we think about sustainability will be the defining act of this generation. The Brundtland def... more How we think about sustainability will be the defining act of this generation. The Brundtland definition has enjoyed preeminent status for decades, but failure to address the challenges of the climate emergency questions its value and application. What sustainability is, and how it can be achieved, might be the single most important question for society and organisations confronted with existential crisis. Recovering from Covid, it is more important than ever that we learn from past mistakes. This work aims to capture state-of-the-art thinking on organisational change towards sustainability and wellbeing. We identify specific clusters within the literature and we find significant variance in approaches to sustainability. There remain key themes in terms of actions: circular business models, workforce empowerment and diverse stakeholder engagement. We add preliminary results from industry field work on critical incidents around wellbeing and what can be learned in the effort to embed...
Background. Dimensions (e.g., communication skills, health awareness) measured through multifacet... more Background. Dimensions (e.g., communication skills, health awareness) measured through multifaceted measures hold a key position across a vast array of disciplines relevant to health and organisations. However, the measurement properties of dimensions have long been affected by confounds. The outcome of confounding in the context of multifaceted measurement is that the extent to which reliable variance in ratings reflects dimensions is difficult or impossible to establish. Nowhere have dimensions been scrutinized more closely than in the literature on assessment centres (ACs). In recent years, dimensions have enjoyed a revival in the AC literature and now feature as important, meaningful, and impactful variables of interest in a range of different studies published in leading journals (e.g., Journal of Applied Psychology, Personnel Psychology). However, none of these studies have fully accounted for confounding. As a consequence, the extent to which the effects found in these studie...
Pediatric Nephrology, 2017
Introduction We have previously shown that children who developed de novo donor-specific human le... more Introduction We have previously shown that children who developed de novo donor-specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies (DSA) had greater decline in allograft function. We hypothesised that patients with complementactivating DSA would have poorer renal allograft outcomes. Methods A total of 75 children developed DSA in the original study. The first positive DSA sample was subsequently tested for C1q and C3d fixing. The primary event was defined as 50% reduction from baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate and was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Results Of 65 patients tested, 32 (49%) and 23 (35%) tested positive for C1q and C3d fixing, respectively. Of the 32 C1qpositive (c1q+) patients, 13 (41%) did not show concomitant C3d fixing. The mean fluorescence intensity values of the original immunoglobulin G DSA correlated poorly with complement-fixing positivity (C1q: adjusted R 2 0.072; C3d: adjusted R 2 0.11; p < 0.05). C1q+ antibodies were associated with acute tubulitis [0.75 ± 0.18 (C1q+) vs. 0.25 ± 0.08 (C1q −) episodes per patient (mean ± standard error of the mean; p < 0.05] but not with worse long-term renal allograft dysfunction (median time to primary event 5.9 (C1q+) vs. 6.4 (C1q−) years; hazard ratio (HR) 0.74; 95% confidence ratio (CI) 0.30-1.81; p = 0.58]. C3d-positive (C3d+) antibodies were associated with positive C4d histological staining [47% (C3d+) vs. 20% (C3d−); p = 0.04] and with significantly worse long-term allograft dysfunction [median time to primary event: 5.6 (C3d+) vs. 6.5 (C3d−) years; HR 0.38; 95% CI 0.15-0.97; p = 0.04]. Conclusion Assessment of C3d fixing as part of prospective HLA monitoring can potentially aid stratification of patients at the highest risk of long-term renal allograft dysfunction.
Capital Class, Mar 22, 2009
The Journal of applied psychology, Jan 10, 2016
Despite a substantial research literature on the influence of dimensions and exercises in assessm... more Despite a substantial research literature on the influence of dimensions and exercises in assessment centers (ACs), the relative impact of these 2 sources of variance continues to raise uncertainties because of confounding. With confounded effects, it is not possible to establish the degree to which any 1 effect, including those related to exercises and dimensions, influences AC ratings. In the current study (N = 698) we used Bayesian generalizability theory to unconfound all of the possible effects contributing to variance in AC ratings. Our results show that ≤1.11% of the variance in AC ratings was directly attributable to behavioral dimensions, suggesting that dimension-related effects have no practical impact on the reliability of ACs. Even when taking aggregation level into consideration, effects related to general performance and exercises accounted for almost all of the reliable variance in AC ratings. The implications of these findings for recent dimension- and exercise-base...
Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 2015
Purpose – Although both job design and its broader context are likely to drive motivation, little... more Purpose – Although both job design and its broader context are likely to drive motivation, little is known about the specific workplace characteristics that are important for motivation. The purpose of this paper is to present the Workplace Characteristics Model, which describes the workplace characteristics that can foster motivation, and the corresponding multilevel Workplace Design Questionnaire. Design/methodology/approach – The model is configured as nine workplace attributes describing climate for motivation at two levels, psychological and organizational. The multilevel multi-time questionnaire was validated with data from 4,287 individuals and 212 workplaces and with integrated regulation as the criterion outcome. Findings – Multilevel factor analysis and regression indicated good internal reliability, construct validity, and stability over time, and excellent concurrent and predictive validity of the questionnaire. Practical implications – The model could help to optimize j...
Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2013
Heavy workloads have been central to the discussion of well-being. However, fluctuations in workl... more Heavy workloads have been central to the discussion of well-being. However, fluctuations in workloads have received sparse attention, even though transient and routine levels of workloads may have independent effects on well-being. The article assesses this, particularly focusing on the effort-recovery model of the workload/well-being relationship in which work-nonwork interference mediates this relationship. Using data from a weekly diary study of freelance or portfolio workers, multilevel analyses showed that both routine and transient levels of work to nonwork interference mediated the job demands-calmness relationship. Work to nonwork interference also negatively mediated the hours worked-calmness relationship, but the direct relationship between hours worked and calmness was a positive one so the mediating effect reduced this positive effect. In the case of enthusiasm, which was a second measure of well-being, there were no mediating effects but both routine and nonroutine levels of job demands and transient levels of hours worked were related to it. The study highlights the value of introducing the temporal dimension into the study of the workϪnonwork interface, and the diversity of relationships that occur across different dimensions of workload and well-being.
Information and Software Technology, 2013
Successful extreme programming: Fidelity to the methodology or good teamworking? techniques, the ... more Successful extreme programming: Fidelity to the methodology or good teamworking? techniques, the teams' general characteristics and their cohesiveness. In so doing we are especially contributing to filling two main substantive gaps in the empirical software engineering literature on process innovations that Mangalaraj et al. [3] identified: their post-adoption performance and the role of teams in them. Such issues are core to any theory of agile methods, as a vital element of this must be its effect on the performance of individuals, projects and organizations. 2. Conceptual background 2.1. Past research Past literature on agile methods has concentrated on advocacy (e.g. Highsmith and Cockburn, 2001 [9]; Nerur et al., 2005 [10]; Sharp, 2010 [11]), outlining its methods (e.g. Beck, 1999 [12]; Holcombe, 2008 [13]), and gauging reactions to it from developers and customers (e.g. Ilieva et al., 2004 [14]; Mannaro et al., 2004 [15]; Svensson and Höst, 2005 [16]). Evaluations of these methods have concentrated on specific practices such as collective ownership and coding standards (Maruping et al., 2009 [17]) or most notably pair programming (including Balijepally et al., 2009 [18]; Dybå et al., 2007 [19]; Hannay et al., 2009 [20]). Nonetheless, Dybå and Dingsøyr (2008 [21]) found 36 high-quality studies among the initial wave of studies (2003-5) that sought to evaluate aspects of agile development systematically and holistically. These concentrated on the introduction and adoption of agile methods, human and social factors, customer and developer perceptions, and comparative studies that assessed different development methods.
Empirical Software Engineering, 2010
This study assesses the Shodan survey as an instrument for measuring an individual's or a team's ... more This study assesses the Shodan survey as an instrument for measuring an individual's or a team's adherence to the extreme programming (XP) methodology. Specifically, we hypothesize that the adherence to the XP methodology is not a uni-dimensional construct as presented by the Shodan survey but a multidimensional one reflecting dimensions that are theoretically grounded in the XP literature. Using data from software engineers in the University of Sheffield's Software Engineering Observatory, two different models were thus tested and compared using confirmatory factor analysis: a uni-dimensional model and a fourdimensional model. We also present an exploratory analysis of how these four dimensions affect students' grades. The results indicate that the four-dimensional model fits the data better than the uni-dimensional one. Nevertheless, the analysis also uncovered flaws with the Shodan survey in terms of the reliability of the different dimensions. The exploratory analysis revealed that some of the XP dimensions had linear or curvilinear relationship with grades. Through validating the four-dimensional model of the Shodan survey this study highlights how psychometric techniques can be used to develop software engineering metrics of fidelity to agile or other software engineering methods.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Work engagement can cross over from one individual to another, and this process may depend on sev... more Work engagement can cross over from one individual to another, and this process may depend on several factors, such as the work context or individual differences. With this study, we argue that agreeableness, one of the Big five personality measures that characterized empathetic, can be instrumental in the crossover process. Specifically, we hypothesize that agreeableness can facilitate this process so that engagement of an actor can more easily cross over to their partner when either of them or both have high agreeableness. To evaluate our hypotheses, we implemented an intervention to the working schedules of 74 participants for two weeks. The intervention involved pairing participants to work together so that to create dyads with varying levels of dissimilarity. The results from a multilevel regression model indicate that there is a crossover effect and partner’s work engagement can be transferred to actor after a two-week collaboration. This effect is further intensified if eithe...
Human Relations, 2015
Stress-based work–nonwork interference, or negative spillover, is associated with transference of... more Stress-based work–nonwork interference, or negative spillover, is associated with transference of negative emotions from the work to the nonwork domain. It is argued that work–nonwork interference resulting from high work demands does not necessarily entail the reproduction of any affective states. First, calmness can result in lower work–nonwork interference and enthusiasm in higher levels. Second, hindrance stressors can be negatively related to enthusiasm and calmness, while challenge stressors are positively associated with them. Hypotheses about the relationship between stressors and interference that reflect this rationality are developed and tested using longitudinal data from a six-month diary study of portfolio workers. The results offer some support for them and indicate that both challenge and hindrance stressors are positively related to interference. However, for hindrance stressors the indirect effect is positive when mediated by calmness and negative for enthusiasm. I...
Journal of Applied Psychology
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Papers by George Michaelides